Corni Fructus: a review of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities
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Chinese Medicine Open Access
REVIEW
Corni Fructus: a review of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities Yu Dong1, Zhe‑Ling Feng1, Hu‑Biao Chen2, Fu‑Sheng Wang3 and Jia‑Hong Lu1*
Abstract Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. is part of the genus Cornus of the family Cornaceae. Ripening and dry fruits (Corni Fructus) are recognized as an essential herb medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have been widely used for over 2000 years. This review provides a comprehensive summary of Corni Fructus (CF), including the botany, phytochemistry, traditional use, and current pharmacological activities. According to the basic theory of TCM, CF usually participates in various Chinese medicinal formulae to exert the essential roles in replenishing liver and kidney, arresting seminal emission and sweat. Based on modern pharmacological studies, about 90 compounds have been isolated and identified from CF. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies indicate that CF exhibits extensive pharmaco‑ logical activities including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, hepatoprotec‑ tive, and nephroprotective activities. However, only about 18% of chemical constituents in CF were tested. It means the potential pharmacological activities and clinical values of CF need to be further investigated. Keywords: Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., Corni Fructus, Shan Zhu Yu, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activity Background Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., commonly known as Shan Zhu Yu/山茱萸 (in Chinese), Asiatic Dogwood, and Japanese Cornel Dogwood, is a deciduous shrub or dungarunga in the genus Cornus (family Cornaceae). It is a heliophilous plant that grows in the warm-temperate zone. The most suitable growth temperature is between 20 and 30 °C, it also has a specific cold resistance that can temporarily grow in − 18 °C low-temperature zone. Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. can be found in Anhui, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi in China, Korea, and Japan. It usually grows in 400–1500 m high mountain slope, forest or forest edge. Ripening fruits are picked during September and October and dried in the air for medical uses [1, 2]. About 2200 years ago, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. fructus (usually known as Corni Fructus) was first recorded in Shen Nong’s Materia Medica (Fig. 1). *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
According to the basic theory of TCM, CF is characterized as replenishing liver and kidney, arresting seminal emission and sweat for its sour, astringent, and tepid properties [1]. It is used to treat four series of clinical symptoms. The first part of symptoms contains vertigo, tinnitus, weakness of the waist and knees which are caused by liver and kidney deficiency. CF is usu
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