Auxin signalling is involved in cadmium-induced glutathione- S -transferase activity in barley root
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Auxin signalling is involved in cadmium-induced glutathione-S-transferase activity in barley root Bea´ta Bocˇova´ • Jana Huttova´ • Igor Mistrı´k Ladislav Tama´s
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Received: 17 December 2012 / Revised: 12 March 2013 / Accepted: 2 May 2013 / Published online: 17 May 2013 Ó Franciszek Go´rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krako´w 2013
Abstract Transient exposure of barley roots to Cd, IAA or H2O2 for 30 min resulted in a significant root growth inhibition. Cd significantly increased the GST activity of roots 6 h after the end of short-term treatment. This increase was more relevant in root segment containing differentiation zone than in root segment just immediately behind the root apex. In contrast to Cd treatment, the shortterm exposure of barley roots to IAA resulted in a significant increase of GST activity along the whole root tip and this increase was detectable already 3 h after the treatment with 10 lM IAA. Similarly to IAA, exogenously applied 10 mM H2O2 for 30 min caused significant increase of GST activity along the whole root tip 6 h after the treatment. This increase was already detectable 3 h after the exposure, but only in the differentiation zone of root tip. Auxin influx or signalling inhibitor considerable decreased the Cd- or IAA-induced GST activity in barley root tips. The strong activation of GST even after a brief exposure of barley roots to Cd support the crucial role of GST in the Cd-induced stress response in which presumably IAA and H2O2 play an important signalling role including the activation of GST. Keywords Barley Cadmium Glutathione-S-transferase Hydrogen peroxide Indole-3-acetic acid
Communicated by G. Klobus. B. Bocˇova´ J. Huttova´ I. Mistrı´k L. Tama´s (&) Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Du´bravska´ cesta 9, 84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic e-mail: [email protected]
Abbreviation CDNB 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene GST Glutathione-S-transferase IAA Indole-3-acetic acid 1-NOA 1-Naphthoxyacetic acid PCIB p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid
Introduction Cadmium (Cd) is extremely toxic even at very low concentration to many species of living organisms and its accumulation in the body of organisms may lead to serious health problems (Pan et al. 2010). Due to the high solubility of Cd in water it is easily taken up by plant roots and accumulated in the upper part of plants including grains causing contamination of food chain ending with humans (Chen et al. 2007). In addition, Cd markedly influences plant growth and yield of crops. Cd negatively affects different cell compartments and processes disrupting their functions including organelles, membranes, cell wall and several metabolic processes (DalCorso et al. 2008). Several biochemical and molecular mechanisms have been suggested for these toxicity symptoms; however, recently the growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key function in these damages (Cuypers et al. 2010). Besides the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic
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