Glutathione S-transferase activity and genetic polymorphisms associated with exposure to organochloride pesticides in To
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Glutathione S-transferase activity and genetic polymorphisms associated with exposure to organochloride pesticides in Todos Santos, BCS, Mexico: a preliminary study Patricia Santillán-Sidón 1 & Rebeca Pérez-Morales 2 & Gerardo Anguiano 1 & Estela Ruiz-Baca 3 & Jaime Rendón-Von Osten 4 & Edgar Olivas-Calderón 2 & Celia Vazquez-Boucard 5 Received: 23 November 2019 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the impact of exposure to mixtures of organochloride pesticides (OCPs) in agricultural workers by detecting their effects on the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the presence of polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. The presence of OCPs was identified and quantified by gas chromatography, while spectrophotometry was used to measure enzymatic GST activity. The frequencies of the GSTM1 genotypes were analyzed by multiplex PCR. A total of 18 metabolites of OCPs were identified in the workers’ blood, most of which are either prohibited (DDT and its metabolites p, p’DDD and p, p’DDE, dieldrin, endrin, aldrin) and/or restricted (δ hexachlorocyclohexane, cis chlordane, methoxychlor, and endosulfan). The results obtained indicate lower levels of GST activity at higher OCPs concentrations detected in blood from exposed workers, together with an increase in OCP levels in individuals who presented the GSTT1*0 and GSTM1*0 genotypes. These conditions place the detoxification process in agricultural workers with null polymorphisms in the GST genes and high concentrations of OCPs in the blood (especially DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE) at risk, and increase their susceptibility to develop serious diseases. Keywords Organochloride pesticides . GST . GSTM1 . GSTT1 . Enzymatic activity . Genetic polymorphisms
Introduction Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Celia Vazquez-Boucard [email protected] 1
Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120 Durango, Mexico
2
Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Articulo #123 Filadelfia, CP 35010 Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
3
Genoproteomic Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Veterinarias s/n, Circuito Universitario, 34120 Durango, Mexico
4
Laboratory of Identification of Persistent Organic Pollutants. EPOMEX, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Agustín de Melgar y Juan de la Barrera s/n, 24039 Campeche, Mexico
5
Proteomic and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle IPN, #195 Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Exposure to agrochemicals can have both acute and chronic effects on human, animal, and environmental health. Hence, their toxicity is a topic of deep concern for scientific and social com
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