Basic Properties and Performance of Vegetable Oil-Based Boric Acid Nanofluids in Machining
Machining is one of the most basic and essential processes in manufacturing industry. Quality of the workpiece essentially depends on the heat generated in the cutting zone during machining. The usage of cutting fluids poses a question of risk to ecology
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. Padmini · B. Parakh Department of IPE, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India e-mail: [email protected] R. Padmini e-mail: [email protected] B. Parakh e-mail: [email protected] R. R. Srikant Department of Mechanical Engg, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India e-mail: [email protected]
S. Sathiyamoorthy et al. (eds.), Emerging Trends in Science, Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1007-8_17, © Springer India 2012
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1 Introduction During machining, friction between the tool and workpiece give rise to high temperatures, which influences dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the workpiece. Cutting fluids play the dual role of lubricants and coolants by reducing the friction between tool-workpiece, tool-chip interface. Environmental pollution, dermatitis to operators, soil contamination during disposal, and water pollution [1, 2] are the adverse effects due to application of conventional cutting fluids. Besides this, cutting fluids also incur a major portion of the total manufacturing cost. These factors have prompted investigations to probe into the use of eco-friendly coolants or coolant free machining. Hence, researchers have started to experiment with dry machining, coated tools, cryogenic cooling, vegetable oils, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and solid lubricants as alternatives to conventional cutting fluids. MQL is a promising and reliable technique adopted by the researchers which results in reduction in tool wear, improvement in dimensional accuracy and surface finish [3]. Comparing MQL with dry and wet machining, performance improved in terms of cutting forces, tool life, cutting temperature, and surface finish [3–6]. Effective implementation of MQL requires fluids with high thermal conductivity. Due to this reason nanofluids have gained ample importance. The utilization of vegetable oil in metalworking applications may reduce problems faced by workers, such as inhalation of toxic mist in the work environment and skin cancer, owing to their higher biodegradability and lower environmental impact.
2 Literature Review Many researchers have been working to achieve eco-friendly sustainable manufacturing. As an alternative to cutting fluids, solid lubricants like MoS2, graphite, etc., were used. Shaji and Radhakrishnan [7] investigated the effect of graphite in surface grinding and improvement in surface finish is observed. In another study [8, 9], they reported improvement in process using graphite, CaF2, BaF2, and MoS2 in grinding. Then investigations on solid lubricant molded grinding wheels were tried [10]. The normal force and tangential force components due to the frictional effects are reduced due to the effective lubrication by lubricant molded wheels. Venugopal and Rao [11]outlined the surface finish improvement with the application of graphite in grinding Jianhua et al. [12] studied the friction coefficient at the tool-chip interface in dry cutting of hardened steel and cast iron w
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