Biochemical and molecular investigation of non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria as potential biofertilisers
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biochemical and molecular investigation of non‑rhizobial endophytic bacteria as potential biofertilisers Marzieh Bakhtiyarifar1 · Naeimeh Enayatizamir1 · Khosro Mehdi Khanlou2 Received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study was performed to isolate non-rhizobial endophytic bacteria from the root nodules of Glycine max (soybean), Vigna radiata (mung bean) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea). The bacteria were characterized for plant growth promoting properties such as indole acetic acid production, phosphate and zinc solubilisation, nitrogen fixation and hydrogen cyanide production. Phylogenetic identification was performed using the Neighbour-Joining method on16S rRNA gene sequences. The impact of salt tolerant isolates on some properties of wheat cv. Chamran was evaluated by a completely randomised factorial design. Nine isolates having some characteristics related to plant growth promotion were identified as Staphylococcus hominis 7E, Streptomyces sp. 11E, Bacillus sp. 13E, Acinetobacter sp. 19E, from mung bean, Bacillus endophyticus 1E from cowpea, Staphylococcus hominis 9E, Bacillus endophyticus 14E, Brevundimonas sp. 16E and Kocuria sp. 26E from soybean nodules. Isolates 7E and 19E caused maximum growth inhibition of Fusarium on PDA plate. All isolates were able to grow at salinity levels of mixtures containing up to 400 mM of NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, but their growth was inhibited by increasing salinity level. Only the growth of isolate 14E increased at three levels of salinity compared with control. Some isolates, i.e. 7E, 14E, 19E and 26E had higher colony diameter at 45 °C after 48 h of incubation compared to the growth at 30 and 40 °C. Inoculation of soil with isolate 1E and isolate 26E caused to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat and increased the weight of 1000-grains as compared with non-inoculated treatments. Keywords Nodule · Endophyte · Legumes · Plant growth · Salinity
Introduction
Communicated by Erko stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02038-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Naeimeh Enayatizamir [email protected] Marzieh Bakhtiyarifar [email protected] Khosro Mehdi Khanlou [email protected] 1
Soil Science & Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
Production Engineering & Plant Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2
Herbaceous woody plants which produce seeds in pods are known as legumes such as peas, beans, alfalfa, vetches, soybeans and clovers. Rhizobia are bacteria that fix nitrogen inside the root and stem nodules of leguminous plants; therefore, legumes could grow well in nitrogen-free soil (Wang et al. 2017). The establishment of a symbiotic relationship between nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes a
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