Cultivable endophytic bacteria from heavy metal(loid)-tolerant plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cultivable endophytic bacteria from heavy metal(loid)‑tolerant plants Brenda Román‑Ponce1 · Juan Ramos‑Garza1 · María Soledad Vásquez‑Murrieta1 · Flor Nohemí Rivera‑Orduña1 · Wen Feng Chen2 · Jun Yan3 · Paulina Estrada‑de los Santos1 · En Tao Wang1
Received: 18 December 2015 / Revised: 22 May 2016 / Accepted: 1 June 2016 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Abstract To evaluate the interactions among endophytes, plants and heavy metal/arsenic contamination, root endophytic bacteria of Prosopis laevigata (Humb and Bonpl. ex Willd) and Sphaeralcea angustifolia grown in a heavy metal(loid)-contaminated zone in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, were isolated and characterized. Greater abundance and species richness were found in Prosopis than in Sphaeralcea and in the nutrient Pb–Zn-rich hill than in the poor nutrient and As–Cu-rich mine tailing. The 25 species identified among the 60 isolates formed three groups in the correspondence analysis, relating to Prosopis/hill (11 species), Prosopis/mine tailing (4 species) and Sphaeralcea/hill (4 species), with six species ungrouped. Most of the isolates showed high or extremely high resistance to arsenic, such as ≥100 mM for As(V) and ≥20 mM for As(III), in mineral medium. These results demonstrated that the abundance and community composition of root endophytic bacteria were strongly affected by the concentration and type Communicated by Jorge Membrillo-Hernández. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-016-1252-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * En Tao Wang [email protected] 1
Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
3
Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
of the heavy metals and metalloids (arsenic), as well as the plant species. Keywords Endophyte · Resistance · Heavy metal(loid) · Bacteria · Phylogeny · Association
Introduction Heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination is a serious problem for deterioration of soil, which cause decrease in microbial abundance and diversity in soil and contamination of plants, and in turn formed a threaten for animals and human health. The heavy metals and metalloids in soils may come from the weathering of mother rocks, but the great accumulation of these toxic elements in many of the contaminated zones is caused by the human activities, such as the mining activities. As by-products of mining, a large amount of residues (mine tailings) with high levels of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu and Zn) and metalloids (As and Sb) are normally deposited in open areas, which cause heavy metal and metalloid pollution of soil, surface water and groundwater (Navarro-Noya et
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