Biocontrol-based management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Indian Maize
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biocontrol‑based management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Indian Maize Richa Varshney1 · B. Poornesha1 · A. Raghavendra1 · Y. Lalitha1 · V. Apoorva1 · B. Ramanujam1 · R. Rangeshwaran1 · K. Subaharan1 · A. N. Shylesha1 · N. Bakthavatsalam1 · Malvika Chaudhary2 · Vinod Pandit3 Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a key pest of maize that has recently entered in India causing damage and yield loss. A biocontrol-based integrated pest management (IPM) strategy was designed and evaluated in farmer’s field during rabi and kharif season (2018–2019). IPM strategy comprising installation of controlled release FAW pheromone traps, four releases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, two sprays of neem oil, one spray of each Bacillus thuringiensis (NBAIR-BT25) and Metarizium anisopliae (NBAIR Ma-35) resulted in 76 and 71.64% egg mass; 80 and 74.44% larval population reduction at 60 days after treatment during rabi and kharif season, respectively. Cob yield per acre in biocontrol-based IPM field was higher than the farmer’s practice (6–7 sprays of emamectin benzoate 5% SG) during both the seasons, and it resulted in 38.3 and 42.29% gain in yield per acre during rabi and kharif, respectively. Therefore, this module forms a base to manage the fall armyworm in an eco-friendly and farmer friendly manner. Future research with other alternatives has also been discussed. Keywords Biocontrol · Biopesticides · Egg parasitoid · Fall armyworm · IPM · Maize · Pheromone · Spodoptera frugiperda
Introduction Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a lepidopteran and a key insect pest of maize. This pest is a native to neotropics in America and first reported as an invasive pest in Africa in the rainforest zones of Nigeria in 2016 (Akutse et al. 2019). Subsequently, it spread to different parts of Africa. Montezano et al. (2018) reported that FAW attacks 353 host plant species belonging to 76 plant families with preference to poaceae family. In India, this pest was reported on maize * Richa Varshney [email protected] 1
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P. Bag No. 2491, H A Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560024, India
2
Asia Regional Coordinator – Plantwise, CABI, 2nd Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DP Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
3
Program Leader Development and Communication Extension -CABI, South Asia, 2nd Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DP Shastri Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
during May, 2018 in Karnataka. Since then, it has spread to many states of India causing havoc to maize production. In India during 2017, maize production was 28.7 million tons, but due to this insect pest, production fell by 3.2% to 27.8 million tons (Manupriya 2019). When an invasive like S. frugiperda enters a country, as an emergency response chemical i
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