Legume-based intercropping for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda L. in maize
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Legume‑based intercropping for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda L. in maize Amala Udayakumar1 · Timalapur M. Shivalingaswamy1 · N. Bakthavatsalam2 Received: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), is an economically important invasive pest infesting maize. Habitat manipulation as a method of conservation biological control which employs cover crops/hedge rows/flower strips crops in the main crop field to conserve the beneficial insect fauna like natural enemies. An experiment was conducted to study the influence of intercropping of leguminous crops in maize for the management of fall armyworm. Five treatments viz., maize + groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), maize + broad bean (Vicia faba), maize + (Desmodium sp), maize + soybean (Glycine max) and monocrop of maize were evaluated for the severity of damage caused by fall armyworm. The percent plant damage and number of live larvae per 25 plants were significantly less in the maize + Desmodium sp at 9 weeks after planting compared to the monocrop of maize. Significantly higher rates of parasitization of egg mass of fall armyworm by Trichogramma sp were recorded in the maize + broad bean compared to the monocrop of maize. The abundance of Coccinellid predators and geocorid bugs was significantly higher in maize intercropped with groundnut compared to the sole crop of maize. The results of the study indicated the definite role of maize-legume intercropping in reducing fall armyworm damage in maize. Keywords Fall armyworm · Intercrops · Habitat manipulation · Maize · Plant damage
Introduction Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), is an invasive polyphagous destructive insect pest reported causing economic loss to maize across the globe (Clark et al. 2007; Nabity et al. 2011). This invasive pest was reported to invade maize crops in Asia during the year 2018 (Shylesha et al. 2018; Sharanabasappa et al. (2018); Ganiger et al. (2018). The current management strategies for fall armyworm in India encompass the use of egg parasitoids, * Amala Udayakumar [email protected] Timalapur M. Shivalingaswamy [email protected] N. Bakthavatsalam [email protected] 1
Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilisation, ICARNational Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H A Farm Post, P. B. No 2491, Bangalore 560024, India
ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H A Farm Post, P. B. No 2491, Bangalore 560024, India
2
entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic fungi, pheromones and spray of insecticide, i.e., emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 ml/l. Habitat manipulation is a method of conservation biological control which employs cover crops/hedge rows/ flower strip crops in the main crop field to conserve the beneficial insect fauna (Corbett and Rosenheim 1996; Gurr et al. 2000; Landis et al. 2000). Conservation biological control is a way of modification of habitat to suppor
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