Fluorescence of chlorophyll a in transgenic maize with herbicide application and attacked by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepi
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Fluorescence of chlorophyll a in transgenic maize with herbicide application and attacked by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Michael Willian Rocha de Souza & Evander Alves Ferreira & José Barbosa dos Santos & Marcus Alvarenga Soares & Bárbara Monteiro de Castro e Castro & José Cola Zanuncio
Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Physiological changes in maize plants, submitted to herbicides and pests, should be studied for integrated management in this crop. The objective was to evaluate the chlorophyll a fluorescence in maize genotypes damaged or not by Spodoptera frugiperda, and sprayed with herbicides. The herbicides atrazine and nicosulfuron were applied to the plants at doses of 3 kg ha− 1 and 0.06 kg ha− 1, respectively. A randomized block design in a factorial scheme with an additional treatment 3 (2 × 2 + 1) was used, being the factor A: maize leaves exposed or not to the attack of S. frugiperda; factor B: Herculex® (transgenic maize encoding the Cry1F protein) and Isohybrid (nontransgenic maize) genotypes and an additional treatment represented by the PowerCore® genotype (stacked transgenic maize encoding the Cry1F, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins). The initial fluorescence of
chlorophyll a (F0 - electrons quantum− 1), maximum fluorescence (Fm - electron quantum− 1), ratio between variable fluorescence and maximum fluorescence of chlorophyll a (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate ETRµmols electrons m− 2 s− 1) were analyzed. The initial fluorescence of chlorophyll a increased and Fm, Fv/ Fm and ETR decreased in plants attacked by the pest. The PowerCore® chlorophyll fluorescence remained in characteristic patterns. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was similar between genotypes with or without herbicides application. Damage by S. frugiperda increased the initial fluorescence of chlorophyll a and reduced the variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence ratio and electron transport rate, indicating physiological stress in maize plants. The herbicides do not cause physiological stress in plants of maize genotypes with characteristic values of chlorophyll a fluorescence.
M. W. R. de Souza (*) : J. B. dos Santos : M. A. Soares Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39100-000 Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Physiological behavior . Photosynthesis . Herculex® . Nicosulfuron . PowerCore® . Zea mays L
E. A. Ferreira Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-547 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil B. M. de Castro e Castro Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil J. C. Zanuncio Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Introduction Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of maize (Zea mays Poaceae), with a total of 87 million tons and average yield in the first harvest of 5.0 t ha− 1 in 201
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