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Functionalized Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Site-Specific Imaging and Therapeutics Ranu K. Dutta, Prashant K. Sharma, Hisatoshi Kobayashi, and Avinash C. Pandey
Abstract The applicability of nanoparticles is determined by their unique sizedependent properties, such as their optical and magnetic properties, which make them very attractive candidates for numerous biomedical applications such as drug delivery nanosystems, diagnostic biosensors, and imaging nanoprobes for magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Surface chemistry defines the functional properties and biological reactivity of these nanocrystals. Targeted delivery of therapeutics has the potential to localize therapeutic agents to a specific tissue as a mechanism to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects. Moieties that combine imaging and therapeutic modalities in a single macromolecular construct may confer advantages in the development and applications of nanomedicine. Here, an insight into the development of various kinds of functionalized biocompatible nanoparticles for site-specific imaging and therapeutics is discussed in detail. Keywords Biocompatible Cancer diagnostics Functionalization Imaging Nanoparticles Surface modification Targeted drug delivery
Contents 1 2 3 4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties of Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Modifying Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Capping and Passivating Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Role of Surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R.K. Dutta (*), P.K. Sharma, and A.C. Pandey (*) Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] H. Kobayashi Biomaterials Research Group, National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan
234 235 237 238 238 240
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R.K. Dutta et al.
Synthesis of Colloidal Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Different Types of Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Functionalized Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes . . . .
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