Biodegradable, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Biofilm for Active Packaging Based on Extracted Gelatin and Lignocelluloses
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biodegradable, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Biofilm for Active Packaging Based on Extracted Gelatin and Lignocelluloses Biowastes Saber Ibrahim1 · Hamed Elsayed2 · Mohamed Hasnein3 Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blending of lignocellulosic fibers from Citrus trees trimming wastes and extracted gelatin (EG) was examined as low cost biobased active biofilm packaging materials imminent substitution for toxic and non-degradable petrochemical polymers. Citrus lignocellulosic fibers (CLCF) are rich with many antioxidants, biocompatible and have high safety profiles. EG is an extracted biopolymer from white leather shavings (WLS) as leather industry wastes after alkaline hydrolysis. Both wastes were an adaptation for safe and green packaging requirements. The resulting biofilms were described using Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TGA and DTGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), biodegradability, antioxidant and antimicrobial. The properties of some characteristics of blends biofilms as far as mechanical, thermal properties have been discussed as biodegradable package films. In context, the prepared biofilms were characteristic with antimicrobial, antioxidant and biodegradability with adequate different mechanical and permeability properties which suitable to different packaging applications. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Active packaging · Extracted gelatin · Lignocelluloses · Biodegradation and antimicrobial
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Introduction The agriculture residues in many countries represented as a big environmental and health problems [1]. Nowadays many agriculture wastes used in numerous industrial processes as raw materials or reinforced materials through several chemical modifications [2]. Many drawbacks issues make these methods environmental and health hazard techniques [2, 3]. The chemical modifications of agriculture wastes were carried out via acids and/or alkalis chemicals in the present of high pressure as well as temperature with huge by-products production [1–3]. Therefore, the new method/s to utilized agriculture wastes as raw materials without any chemical modifications is ought [4]. The Citrus fruits productions in Egypt are around three million tons per year (agriculture ministry Egypt) with an extremely amount of citrus trees residues. CLCF cannot be used in animal feeding or any other purposes in the farm community. Hence, these residues wastes are accumulate in the environment without valuable or economic value [1, 3]. On the other hand, gelatin extracted mainly from leather calfskin shaving where the cowhide industry is in charge of immense amounts of wastes during the conceal tanning process delivering calfskin as a stock for shoes, car and furniture markets [5, 6]. The issue has gotten more consideration since it has been frequently inclined until presently to landfill. Many clean treatment tec
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