Biodiversity and antifungal potential of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Cornus officinalis
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Biodiversity and antifungal potential of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Cornus officinalis Xingli Zhao 1 & Zhenjie Hu 2 & Dianyun Hou 1 & Huawei Xu 1 & Peng Song 1 Received: 4 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Endophytic fungi are not only ubiquitous in plants, but also play an important role in the balancing of plant microecosystems. Numerous studies have shown that plant species and environment have a significant influence on the richness of endophytic fungi, and endophytic fungi often provide different forms of fitness benefits to their associated host plants. The present work aimed to isolate and identify endophytic fungi harboured in the tissues of the native medicinal plant Cornus officinalis and screen beneficial fungi to inhibit cornel pathogens. A total of 208 strains were recovered from 720 tissue segments. The overall colonisation and isolation rates of endophytic fungi were 33.89% and 28.89%, with triennial twigs (53.33%, 55%) and fruits (6.67%, 3.33%) having the highest and lowest rates, respectively. On the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, 183 isolates were classified into 13 genera. Amongst them, Alternaria, Botryosphaeria and Talaromyces were dominant communities, and their relative abundances were 31.25%, 26.92% and 10.10%, respectively. A detailed calculation of the Shannon diversity (H′ = 1.65) and Margalef’s richness indices (Dmg = 2.30) revealed that the overall biodiversity of fungal endophytes in C. officinalis was relatively high, with the stems harbouring the highest diversity. The antagonism assay of 75 representative endophytes on the four main fungal pathogens of C. officinalis indicated that nine strains with antibiosis and eight strains with inhibition rate of more than 50% were obtained by the dual culture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the distribution and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant C. officinalis. Keywords Endophyte . Cornus officinalis . Diversity . Antifungal activity
1 Introduction Endophytic fungi live inside plant tissues without instigating any noticeable symptoms of infection or visible manifestation of disease (Arnold 2007). These fungi, for at least a part of their life cycle, live in a mutualistic association with plants. Endophytic fungi are not only ubiquitous inside plants but also have a large richness of species that are affected by various factors including the plant species, tree age, height, organs, growth stage, crown height and canopy cover of hosts; geographical distribution; season; and air humidity and other
* Zhenjie Hu [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
2
College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
environmental factors (Aly et al. 2010; Yuan et al. 2017). In addition, endophytic fungi can enhance plant growth; induce host plant tolerance to env
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