Endophytic fungi from Passiflora incarnata : an antioxidant compound source
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Endophytic fungi from Passiflora incarnata: an antioxidant compound source Matheus Henrique Reis da Silva1,2 · Luis Gabriel Cueva‑Yesquén3 · Sinésio Boaventura Júnior3 · Vera Lucia Garcia3 · Adilson Sartoratto3 · Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis2 · Derlene Attili de Angelis1,2,3 Received: 21 November 2019 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Endophytes are considered one of the most important microbial resources for obtaining biomolecules of therapeutic use. Passiflora incarnata, widely employed by the pharmaceutical industry, shows therapeutic effects on anxiety, nervousness, constipation, dyspepsia and insomnia based on their antioxidant compounds. In this study, from 315 endophytic fungi isolated from P. incarnata leaves, 60 were selected to determinate presence of chemical constituents related with antioxidant activity, based on their production of soluble pigments. The promising fungi were evaluated specifically on their potential to produce phenolic compounds, flavonoids and for antioxidant activity. Five isolates significantly produced flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-Butanol extracts, also saponins and high antioxidant activity against the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. A strain of Aspergillus nidulans var. dentatus (former Emericella dentata) was able to produce tannins as well; its butanolic extract was very similar than the BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (94.3% × 94.32%) and Rutin (95.8%) reference substances in the DPPH radical scavenging. Similarly, a Chaetomium strain exhibited 93.6% and 94.7% of antioxidant activity in their ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction from the Aspergillus strain revealed the production of orcinol (3.19%). Four-methoxymethylphenol (4.79%), sorbicillin (33.59%) and ergosterol (23.08%) was produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene were found in two Fusarium oxysporum strains. The phytochemical screening showed that all analyzed fungi were able to produce a kind of secondary metabolite (phenols, flavonoids, tannins and/or saponins). The study shows a great underexplored potential for industrial application of P. incarnata endophytes. Keywords Antioxidant · DPPH radical scavenging activity · Phenolic compounds · Secondary metabolites · Endophytes
Introduction Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02001-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Derlene Attili de Angelis [email protected] 1
Environmental Studies Center, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506‑700, Brazil
2
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP 13506‑900, Brazil
3
Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and
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