Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham) from the Sund
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (Buch.‑Ham) from the Sundarbans mangrove forest Tauhidur R. Nurunnabi1,2 · Farah Sabrin3 · Dilara I. Sharif4 · Lutfun Nahar1 · Md. H. Sohrab5 · Satyajit D. Sarker1 · S. M. Mahbubur Rahman2 · Md. Morsaline Billah2 Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract Endophytic fungi reside in the intercellular space of plant nourished by the plant. In return, they provide bioactive molecules which can play critical roles on plant defense system. Fifty six endophytes were isolated from the leaves, root, bark and fruits of Sonneratia apetala, a pioneer mangrove plant in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. A total of 56 isolates were obtained and 12 different species within 8 genera were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts of these 12 different species were analyzed by resazurin assay and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. The fungal extracts showed antimicrobial activities against more than one tested bacterium or fungus among 5 human pathogenic microbes, i.e. Escherichia coli NCTC 12241, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12981, Micrococcus lutus NCTC 7508, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 7508 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Overall, methanolic extracts showed greater activity than that of ethyl acetate extracts. Of the isolates identified, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium equiseti were the most active isolates and showed activity against microorganisms under investigation. Methanolic extracts of C. gloeosporioides and A. niger showed the lowest MIC (0.0024 mg/mL) against P. aeruginosa. The study indicates that endophytic fungi isolated from S. apetala species possess potential antimicrobial properties, which could be further investigated. Keywords Antimicrobial · Endophytic fungi · Mangrove plants · Sonneratia apetala · The sundarbans
Introduction
* Md. Morsaline Billah [email protected] 1
Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
2
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
3
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
4
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
5
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh
The appearance of new diseases such as Influenza, SARS, and H1N1 has become a foremost challenge to the human health. Majority of these newly emerged diseases are caused by microorganisms and causative microbes are increasingly becoming drug resistant over time (Bhatia and Narain 2010). To combat such i
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