Biofuels for Road Transport A Seed to Wheel Perspective
Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective provides a review of the history, the current status and the impact of biofuels used in road transport, across the full ‘seed-to-wheel’ life cycle of these fuels. Successive chapters cover many issu
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Lucas Reijnders • Mark A.J. Huijbregts
Biofuels for Road Transport A Seed to Wheel Perspective
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Lucas Reijnders, PhD Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam Nieuwe Achtergracht 166 1018 WV Amsterdam The Netherlands
Mark A.J. Huijbregts, PhD Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands
ISBN 978-1-84882-137-8
e-ISBN 978-1-84882-138-5
DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-138-5 Green Energy and Technology ISSN 1865-3529 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008937483 © 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: WMXDesign, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Contents
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Transport Biofuels: Their Characteristics, Production and Costs . . . . 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 The Physical Basis for Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Biofuel Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Virtual Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Production and Application of Liquid and Gaseous Transport Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 Biofuels from Terrestrial Plants and Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.2 Biofuels from Aquatic Biomass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.3 Hydrogen Production Mediated by Micro-Organisms . . . . . . 1.6 Biofuel-Based Electricity for Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Recent Development of Transport Biofuel Production: Volume, Costs and Prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7.1 Volume of Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7.2 Costs of Biofuel Production and Biofuel Prices . . . . . . . . . . . 1.
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