Biofunctionalized nanodot zirconia-based efficient biosensing platform for noninvasive oral cancer detection
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Research Letter
Biofunctionalized nanodot zirconia-based efficient biosensing platform for noninvasive oral cancer detection Suveen Kumar, Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India Dipti Chauhan, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India Venkatesan Renugopalakrishnan, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA Bansi D. Malhotra, Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India Address all correspondence to Bansi D. Malhotra at [email protected] (Received 6 June 2020; accepted 22 September 2020)
Abstract The authors report results of the studies relating to the synthesis of nanodot zirconia that has been utilized for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensing platform for the detection of CYFRA-21-1 biomarker, secreted in saliva samples of oral cancer patients. For the synthesis of nanodot zirconia (ndZrO2), the hydrothermal process was used and further functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). Electrophoretic deposition technique was employed for its deposition onto the ITO electrode. The EDC-NHS reaction was used for antiCYFRA-21-1 immobilization and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used for blocking of the nonspecific binding sites. The fabricated biosensing platform (BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/ndZrO2/ITO) exhibited a wide linear detection range (0.5–50 ng/mL) with excellent sensitivity (0.53 μA mL/ng cm2).
Introduction Oral cancer is a subtype of the head and neck cancer and according to the WHO report, it is the most death-causing disease in the world.[1] There are several factors such as chewing of tobacco, smoking, drinking, red and processed meat etc. that are perhaps responsible for mutation in gene sequence due to which oral cancer occurs (https://www.who.int/cancer/prevention/diagnosis-screening/oral-cancer/en/). The biopsy, toluene blue test, brush cytological tests, laser capture microdissection, etc. are generally used for the detection of oral cancer.[2] However, these techniques are less sensitive and trained persons are required for sample collection and data analysis. To overcome these limitations factors, biomarkers based detection techniques have been proposed. There are several biomarkers that are secreted in a biological sample of oral cancer patients. These include IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ET-1, CD-59,CYFRA-21-1, etc.[3–7] Among these biomarkers, CYFRA-21-1 is secreted in saliva with higher concentration along with the specific cutoff value (3.8 ng/mL) that helps to differentiate oral cancer with normal subjects (https://www.who.int/cancer/prevention/ diagnosis-screening/oral-cancer/en/).[7] Numerous techniques based on biomarker detection strategy such as highperformance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresismass spectromet
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