Biological activity and functional diversity in soil in different cultivation systems
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biological activity and functional diversity in soil in different cultivation systems S. Jezierska‑Tys1 · S. Wesołowska2 · A. Gałązka3 · J. Joniec1 · J. Bednarz1 · R. Cierpiała4 Received: 5 December 2019 / Revised: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of use of conventional and organic cultivation systems on selected param‑ eters of microbial activity in the soil under wheat, barley and oat cultivation. Microbiological, biochemical, enzymatic and metabolic activities were analyzed during three seasons over 3 years in soil. The more beneficial effect of organic cultivation was reflected in the increase in bacterial growth, the intensification of the nitrification and higher activity of all analyzed enzymes. The conventional system was more favorable for the development of fungi. The assessment of the metabolic profile of soil microorganisms demonstrated clear differences between the activity of microorganisms in the organic and conventional systems. The results indicate that cultivation of soil in the organic system is more conducive to the environment. The authors conducted research, because there is no unambiguous answer to the question which growing system is more beneficial for soil biological life, i.e., the basis for food production. Microorganisms that are the object of these studies form the basis for the fertility of all soil ecosystems.
Editorial responsibility: Jing Chen. * J. Joniec [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20‑069 Lublin, Poland
2
Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczyńskiego 7, 20‑069 Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24‑100 Puławy, Poland
4
Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, Faculty of Agrobioengineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20‑950 Lublin, Poland
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
Graphic abstract
Keywords Bacteria and fungi · Enzymatic activity · Metabolic profile
Introduction Soils play a key role in defining sustainable land manage‑ ment, as they form the basis of food production (Fließbach et al. 2007). Microorganisms are an integral part of the soil and at the same time the basis of its functioning. Soil microorganisms play a critical role in maintaining soil fertility and quality (Zhang et al. 2010). They are respon‑ sible, among others, for nutrient cycle, bioavailability and environmental detoxification. However, various human pressures have a negative impact on soil microbial com‑ munities, which consequently leads to disturbance of the functioning of soil ecosystems and decrease in soil pro‑ ductivity (Gouda et al.
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