Biological control of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus in stored dried beans
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Biological control of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Zabrotes subfasciatus in stored dried beans Rey D. Iturralde-Garcı´a Jordi Riudavets
. Cristina Castan˜e´
. Francisco J. Wong-Corral
.
Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract This study assesses the feasibility of using natural enemies for the control of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say and Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), key pests of stored dried beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabales: Fabaceae). The predatory mites Blattisocius tarsalis Berlese (Acari: Ascidae) and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were able to prey on A. obtectus eggs, reducing the bruchid population by more than 60% under both controlled and warehouse conditions. Therefore, they show good potential as biological agents for controlling this pest. The larval parasitoids Anisopteromalus calandrae Howard and Lariophagus distinguendus Fo¨rster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) were both moderately effective (34–38% reduction) at suppressing A. obtectus populations, but when A. calandrae was combined with B. tarsalis, a significant improvement in control efficacy (81% reduction in emergence) was observed. Therefore, the release of A. calandrae combined with B. tarsalis seems to be a
Handling Editor: Eric Riddick. R. D. Iturralde-Garcı´a C. Castan˜e´ J. Riudavets (&) IRTA, Ctra. Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected] F. J. Wong-Corral Departamento de Investigacio´n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Luis Encinas S/N, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
promising strategy for controlling A. obtectus. Neither B. tarsalis nor A. swirskii were able to prey on Z. subfasciatus eggs. Only the parasitoid A. calandrae was moderately effective (39% reduction) at supressing Z. subfasciatus populations. Further testing is needed to identify other natural enemies that can complement the action of A. calandrae in reducing Z. subfasciatus populations. Keywords Bruchid weevils Egg predators Larval parasitoids Legumes Stored products
Introduction Acanthoscelides obtectus Say and Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are major pests of stored dried beans Phaseoulus vulgaris L. (Fabales: Fabaceae). These pests cause significant damage to the legume during long periods of storage (Hill 1990). A. obtectus is neotropical in origin but currently has a cosmopolitan distribution. Z. subfasciatus is widespread in several countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas. A. obtectus attack dry bean seeds in the field and subsequently infest storage units. Z. subfasciatus attack only stored seeds (Cardona 1989; Oliveira et al. 2013; CABI 2019). The larvae of both bruchids are internal feeders. They can bore into seeds. Larvae develop inside the seeds until they reach
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adulthood, when they emerge from the legume and actively dispers
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