Biology
Paris is a temperate genus with broad distribution in East Asia and Europe (Fig. 3.1), entering the Arctic at the northernmost limit (~70°N) and reaching Hainan Island and Indochina at the southernmost limit (~18°N). Given this widespread distribution, sp
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A Monograph of Paris (Melanthiaceae) Morphology, Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy
A Monograph of Paris (Melanthiaceae)
Yunheng Ji
A Monograph of Paris (Melanthiaceae) Morphology, Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy
Yunheng Ji Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, Yunnan, China In association with: Zhenyan Yang, Jin Yang, Lingling Yu, Haiyang Liu, Junbo Yang, Lifang Yang, Changkun Liu, Min Shen, Lei Jin and Shuying Wang.
ISBN 978-981-15-7902-8 ISBN 978-981-15-7903-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7903-5
(eBook)
# Science Press 2021 The print edition is not for sale in the Mainland of China. Customers from the Mainland of China please order the print book from: Science Press. Jointly published with Science Press. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Dedicated to my professors, Heng Li, Shengji Pei, and Zhekun Zhou, as well as to my family.
Preface
Paris Linn. is a morphologically distinctive genus belonging to the monocotyledonous family Melanthiaceae (Liliales), according to the updated classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Species of this genus are widely distributed throughout Eurasia, entering the Arctic at the northernmost limit and reaching Hainan Island and Indochina at the southernmost limit. Nearly all Paris species with a thick rhizome (medicinal Paris) are traditionally used as medicinal herbs in China, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam, owing to their analgesic, hemostatic, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. To date, approximately 90 commercial drugs and health products have been developed in China using the rhizomes of medicinal Paris as raw materials. It is estimated tha
