Bionanocomposites as industrial materials, current and future perspectives: a review
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REVIEW
Bionanocomposites as industrial materials, current and future perspectives: a review Blessy Joseph 1 & Saravanan Krishnan 2 & V. K. Sagarika 3 & Abhimanyu Tharayil 4 & Nandakumar Kalarikkal 1 & Sabu Thomas 1,4 Received: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The use of biopolymers in industrial applications remain elusive due to their hydrophilicity, poor barrier properties, etc. It has been of great interest to the research community to modify the inherent nature of bio-based materials by incorporating nanoscale fillers into the matrix. The resulting bionanocomposites show versatility as future biomaterials, providing a deft alternative to plastics. In general, bionanocomposites are made up of a matrix which is a biopolymer (continuous phase) and the reinforcing agent (dispersed phase), consisting of particles with dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm. The increased research in this field is driven by the biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable nature of biomaterials. Bionanocomposites find broad applications in food packaging, automobile industries, electronic industries, cosmetics, textile industries, water purification sectors, tissue engineering, etc. A range of approaches have been utilized for the preparation of bionanocomposites including solution casting and 3D printing. However, much more green and sophisticated processing techniques should be developed for industrial applications. Furthermore, precise control over geometry, porosity, internal architecture, etc. is still challenging and need to be overlooked carefully. Keywords Bionanocomposites . Industry . Nanoparticles . Cost effective . Automobile . Water purification
1 Introduction Plastic wastes are raising general global concern, and disposal methods are limited. We do not have enough means to recycle plastic, and moreover, the practice of using single-use plastics has become a pervasive problem. For instance, majority of plastics include petroleum-based synthetic polymers like polypropylene and polyethylene that usually take longer time to degrade, preventing the breakdown of the other biodegradable materials. They cause severe detrimental effects on the
* Sabu Thomas [email protected] 1
International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
2
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
3
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
4
School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
environment. Recent advances in material science revolutionized the field of bionanocomposites, resulting in the effective development of environmentally friendly composites that can replace non-degradable plastics for diversified industrial applications. The bionanocomposites can be defined as the materials that are comprise of particles with at least one dimension in the
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