Black box dynamic modeling of Co(II) ions removal from aqueous solution using modified maghemite nanoparticles by fixed-
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Black box dynamic modeling of Co(II) ions removal from aqueous solution using modified maghemite nanoparticles by fixed‑bed column based on deep neural networks Mohamed R. Hassan1 · Refaat M. Fikry1 · Mohamed I. Aly2 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract The removal of cobalt(II) ions from an aqueous solution using a fixed-bed glass column containing modified maghemite γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticle was investigated. The influence of various parameters such as bed depth, concentration of influent cobalt, and feed flow rate on the breakthrough curves and the column performance was also discussed. The column study indicates that the removal of cobalt(II) ions increased with increasing bed depth, whereas it decreased with the increase of both influent cobalt concentration and the flow rate. By increasing the flow rate, column saturation takes a shorter time. This study also indicated that with increasing bed depth the sites available for sorption increased in the column, therefore the input volume of cobalt solution also increased. The kinetic models indicated that the column maximum capacity increased with the flow rate and cobalt concentration, while it decreases with bed depth. Long–short term memory (LSTM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) are merged to compose deep LSTM neural networks to form and predict the cobalt (II) ions removal onto fixed-bed column system was also concluded in this work. Keywords Cobalt(II) · γ-Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticle · Fixed-bed column · Deep learning · LSTM layer
Introduction Cobalt-60 radionuclides are widely utilized for industrial and medical purposes which may be discharged from nuclear power stations into the environment and are one of the most dangerous released radionuclides in the environment because of its high toxicity, high doses of gamma radiation and very long half-life of 5.2714 years (Fang et al. 2014; Yuan et al. 2019). Thus, the sorption studies of cobalt ions are very important for the management and disposal of both hazardous and nuclear wastes. Metal oxide Nano-adsorbents synthesis attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years, (Chen et al. 2018), these include manganese oxide (Feng et al. 2018), iron oxide (Dixit and Hering 2003), aluminum oxide * Mohamed R. Hassan [email protected] 1
Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, P.O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, P.O. 13759, Cairo, Egypt
2
(Santhosh et al. 2016), titanium oxide (Liu et al. 2019), zinc oxide (Pandey and Tripathi 2017) and zirconium oxide (Wu et al. 2018). Generally, iron oxides in the environment have many forms such as maghemite, magnetite, and hematite and are the most common Nano-based crystals that are considered promising due to their great biocompatibility, easy preparation, modification or coating, magnetic property, small size, non-toxicity, easy and quick separation from the aquatic environ
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