Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications of Protein Engineering Methods
The fascinating field of protein engineering has provided breakthroughs by producing plethora of specifically engineered/rationally designed proteins with different functionalities and wide-scale applications in industrial, biotechnological, and pharmaceu
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Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications of Protein Engineering Methods
Abstract The fascinating field of protein engineering has provided breakthroughs by producing plethora of specifically engineered/rationally designed proteins with different functionalities and wide-scale applications in industrial, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical sectors. Many protein based therapeutics, vaccines, and scaffolds with greater safety, improved efficacy, reduced immunogenicity and improved delivery have been designed as novel biomedical formulations. In the present chapter, we will discuss the applications of engineered proteins in diversified fields of biotechnological and biomedical sciences including the areas of industrial, environmental, nanotechnology, biosensors, biomaterials, and biologics etc.
Keywords Affibodies GPCR antibodies Knottins Biosensors engineering Virus engineering Enzyme replacement therapy
5.1
Tissue
Diversified Applications of Protein Engineering Techniques
Protein engineering principles delivered wide spread applications in many different fields including the fields of biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine (Fig. 5.1). Biotechnological applications mainly include the improvement in the activity/functionality of the industrially important enzymes that are involved in food, detergents, textile industry and also for those being employed to control environmental pollution. Many of the protein engineering techniques are being used in order to fabricate different types of biomaterials for the medical and nanotechnology applications, also in designing the biosensors for their applications in molecular imaging. Biomedical applications of protein engineering includes development of antibodies, designing of protein scaffolds to inculcate differential medicinal properties in them, designing therapeutics specific to number of diseases like diabetes, cardiac
© The Author(s) 2017 K.M. Poluri and K. Gulati, Protein Engineering Techniques, Springer Briefs in Forensic and Medical Bioinformatics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2732-1_5
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5 Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications of Protein …
Fig. 5.1 An overview of protein engineering applications in diversified fields of biotechnology and biomedical sciences
related diseases, modulating the properties of endogenous proteins like cytokines so as to make them viable in the treatment of various inflammatory and infectious diseases.
5.2
Industrial Applications
Large numbers of enzymes are being employed in food, detergent and textile industries with the aim to produce the best products at the cheaper cost. Majority of enzymes are being exploited in detergent industry. The cocktails of enzymes are added in the detergents so as to increase the ability of detergents to remove tough stains. A continuous effort is being made to improve the performance of enzymes in the terms of their activity, specificity, catalytic efficiency and stability at wide range of pH and temperature conditions. Protein engineering techniques including directed evolu
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