Biotechnological Production of Xylitol from Biomass
Xylitol is a polyol of interest to food, dental and pharmaceutical industries because of its favorable characteristics such as sweetening capacity, insulin-independent metabolism effects and its lack of carcinogenic properties. It is usually produced by c
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Biotechnological Production of Xylitol from Biomass Felipe Antonio Fernandes Antunes, Júlio César dos Santos, Mário Antônio Alves da Cunha, Larissa Pereira Brumano, Thais Suzane dos Santos Milessi, Ruly Terán-Hilares, Guilherme Fernando Dias Peres, Kelly Johana Dussán Medina, Débora Danielle Virginio da Silva, Sai Swaroop Dalli, Swapnil Gaikwad, and Silvio Silvério da Silva Abstract Xylitol is a polyol of interest to food, dental and pharmaceutical industries because of its favorable characteristics such as sweetening capacity, insulin- independent metabolism effects and its lack of carcinogenic properties. It is usually produced by chemical processes that are expensive due to their high energy consumption and many purification steps. Biotechnological routes are promising because they can be carried out using mild conditions and have the possibility of using hydrolysates from renewable sources as raw materials without the need of extensive purification of xylose before the fermentation step. Different lignocellulosic materials have been studied as alternative raw materials in the fermentative process for xylitol production. However, the structure of lignocellulose is recalcitrant and a pretreatment step is necessary to release monomeric sugars that does not form compounds toxic to microorganisms. Another challenge for xylitol production by fermentation is the identification of efficient microorganisms for converting the pentose sugars present in hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Different strategies have also been investigated, aiming to optimize the biotechnological way, such as use of different configurations of bioreactors, process options and downstream steps. This
F.A.F. Antunes • J.C. dos Santos • L.P. Brumano • T.S.d.S. Milessi • R. Terán-Hilares G.F.D. Peres • D.D.V. da Silva • S. Gaikwad • S.S. da Silva (*) Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] M.A.A. da Cunha Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil K.J.D. Medina Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo – UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil S.S. Dalli Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 Z. Fang et al. (eds.), Production of Platform Chemicals from Sustainable Resources, Biofuels and Biorefineries 7, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4172-3_10
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chapter will explore biotechnological xylitol production from the selection and preparation of the raw material to fermentative process conditions, downstream strategies and future perspectives. These topics will be discussed to offer readers a better understanding of biotechnological routes to xylitol as well as their potential and future prospects. Keywords Xylitol • Hemicellulosic hydrolysate • Lignocellulosic biomass • Pentose fermentation • Biotechnological process
10.1 Introduction Xylitol is a sugar alcohol with different applications, largely
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