Blockchain-enabled supply chain: analysis, challenges, and future directions
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SPECIAL ISSUE PAPER
Blockchain‑enabled supply chain: analysis, challenges, and future directions Sohail Jabbar1,2 · Huw Lloyd3 · Mohammad Hammoudeh1 · Bamidele Adebisi4 · Umar Raza4
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Managing the integrity of products and processes in a multi-stakeholder supply chain environment is a significant challenge. Many current solutions suffer from data fragmentation, lack of reliable provenance, and diverse protocol regulations across multiple distributions and processes. Amongst other solutions, Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology, since it provides secure traceability and control, immutability, and trust creation among stakeholders in a low cost IT solution. Although Blockchain is making a significant impact in many areas, there are many impediments to its widespread adoption in supply chains. This article is the first survey of its kind, with detailed analysis of the challenges and future directions in Blockchainenabled supply chains. We review the existing digitalization of the supply chain including the role of GS1 standards and technologies. Current use cases and startups in the field of Blockchain-enabled supply chains are reviewed and presented in tabulated form. Technical and non-technical challenges in the adoption of Blockchain for supply chain applications are critically analyzed, along with the suitability of various consensus algorithms for applications in the supply chain. The tools and technologies in the Blockchain ecosystem are depicted and analyzed. Some key areas as future research directions are also identified which must be addressed to realize mass adoption of Blockchain-based in supply chain traceability. Finally, we propose MOHBSChain, a novel framework for Blockchain-enabled supply chains. Keywords Blockchain · Supply chain · Smart contract · Scalability · Interoperability · Consensus algorithm · GS1 Standards
1 Introduction * Sohail Jabbar [email protected] Huw Lloyd [email protected] Mohammad Hammoudeh [email protected] Bamidele Adebisi [email protected] Umar Raza [email protected] 1
CfACS IoT Lab, Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England
2
Department of Computational Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England
4
Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England
The supply chain is an interconnection of organizations, activities, resources, people and information for transforming natural resources and raw materials into a finished product for delivery to the end customer. Among major drivers of the transformation of traditional supply chain are hypersegmentation, localization of source and produce of products, Manufacturing 2.0, rising customer expectations and end-to-end visibility to companies, suppliers and customers [1]. These factors triggered large technology organizations to initiate a collaboration impacting the wh
