Body Shaping and Volume Restoration: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid
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REVIEW
Body Shaping and Volume Restoration: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid Per Hede´n Æ Gabriella Sellman Æ Mats von Wachenfeldt Æ Michael Olenius Æ Dan Fagrell
Received: 27 June 2008 / Accepted: 2 December 2008 / Published online: 5 August 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Driven by the rising popularity of minimally invasive techniques, the demand for cosmetic procedures is increasing. Cosmetic body-shaping procedures can be categorized into those that remove tissue and those that add volume. This review focuses on the latter of these categories, particularly on the use of resorbable hyaluronic acid gels specifically developed for minimally invasive volume enhancement. Pilot studies of hyaluronic acid involving its injection to contour various body deformities and its recent use in female breast augmentation are discussed. Injectable hyaluronic acid is effective and well tolerated. It represents an attractive treatment option for volume restoration or augmentation by providing predictable long-lasting results after minimally invasive administration. Alternative treatment options for volume enhancement also are summarized including fat transfer, silicone implants, and the use of injectable nonresorbable products such as silicone, polyalkylimide, and polyacrylamide gels. As patients continue to opt for nonsurgical procedures that offer predictable results, the development of minimally invasive products such as hyaluronic acid is increasingly important.
Keywords Breast augmentation Fat grafts Hyaluronic acid Implants Injectable fillers Pilot studies Silicone Surgery alternatives
G. Sellman Plastikkirurggruppen Sabbatsberg AB, Dalagatan 9, 113 24 Stockholm, Sweden
The skills developed to treat injuries sustained during World War II currently are applied extensively to those born in subsequent decades. ‘‘Baby boomers,’’ individuals born in the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s, are increasingly turning to cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance. In the United States, individuals 40 years of age or older comprise 71% of all the patients who underwent cosmetic surgery during 2006 [3]. In 2006 compared with 2005, patients ages 40-54 years and 55 years or older respectively underwent 9% and 8% more cosmetic procedures. However, the rise in demand for cosmetic surgery procedures is not limited to older groups. Indeed, in 2007, the single greatest increase in demand for procedures was among those 20 to 29 years of age [3]. Confirming the interest in aesthetic interventions shown by younger groups despite their possession and advantage of ‘‘youth,’’ 22% of all cosmetic procedures undertaken in 2006 were performed for those 19 to 34 years of age [2]. The rise in minimally invasive cosmetic procedures has driven the overall growth in cosmetic surgery [2, 3]. This review focuses on the use of hyaluronic acid for body contouring and breast augmentation. It also briefly discusses the range of alternative treatment options for body reshaping (summariz
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