Bone Marrow Stem Cells: Source, Characterization, Isolation, Culture, and Identification
Stem cell transplantation offers an exciting new therapeutic avenue for stroke, as many studies have demonstrated favorable results in animal models with various cell types. Among them, the bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
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Bone Marrow Stem Cells: Source, Characterization, Isolation, Culture, and Identification Chengcai Zheng, Yulei Zhou, Mengxiong Pan, Siyang Lin, Brian Wang, and Kunlin Jin Abstract Stem cell transplantation offers an exciting new therapeutic avenue for stroke, as many studies have demonstrated favorable results in animal models with various cell types. Among them, the bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in particular, may have enormous therapeutic potential because they can be harvested from the patients themselves without posing ethical or immunological difficulties. More importantly, BMSCs represent an important stem cell population with multipotent functions, including migration and transport functions to sites of local injuries or tissue damage to support appropriate cell and tissue renewal to replace the damaged areas, which are extremely useful for clinical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we summarize the source, characterization, isolation, culture, and identification of BMSCs. Keywords Bone marrow stem cells • Characterization • Isolation • Culture • Identification
C. Zheng • Y. Zhou • M. Pan • S. Lin Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China B. Wang Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA K. Jin (*) Department of Pharmacology Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 K. Jin et al. (eds.), Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2929-5_2
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2.1 Introduction Many studies have demonstrated favorable results in animal models with various cell types [1–4], which consequently have resulted in several early Phase I and II clinical trials with promising outcomes [5–7]. Therefore, the potential therapeutic impact of stem cell transplantation on regeneration of damaged brain tissue opens up numerous possibilities. A variety of cell types, including embryonic stem (ES) cells, neural stem cells (NSCs), inducible pluripotent (iPS) cells, and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), have been studied as sources for use in transplantation into animal models of stroke. Initially, stem cells seemed to work by a “cell replacement” mechanism. NSCs are favored as donor cells for transplantation, since NSCs can differentiate into neural lineages. However, it is now thought that cell therapy may work mostly by providing trophic support to the injured tissue, fostering neurogenesis and angiogenesis [7]. Importantly, BMSCs may have the largest therapeutic potential among them because they can be harvested from the patients themselves without posing ethical or immunological difficulties [8, 9]. In other words, BSMCs are easy to obtain and expand in culture; using t
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