Boosting the energy density of a flexible TiNb 2 O 7 @CNF-based lithium-ion supercapacitor with an ionogel separator
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Boosting the energy density of a flexible TiNb2O7@CNF-based lithium-ion supercapacitor with an ionogel separator Jiajia Li 1 & Shanshan Pan 1,2 & Chunxian Xing 1 & Liquan Guo 3 & Ziyou Zhou 4 & Haitao Zhang 1,2 Received: 24 June 2020 / Revised: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The growing demand for portable and flexible electronics, such as roll-up displays, electronic papers, and wearable sensing devices, has stimulated the development of flexible energy storage devices. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highvoltage solid-state flexible free-standing supercapacitor with an ionogel separator. The negative electrode, titanium niobate, was hydrothermally grown onto a carbon cloth to ensure intimate contact. And the ionogel separator is based on EMIMBF4/P(VDFHFP)/LiTFSI to ensure safety and high voltage. Our study shows that this device could exhibit reasonable area specific capacitance, relatively wide working potential (0–4 V), and outstanding high-temperature performances. And with that, it could deliver a super-high energy density of 397.3 μWh cm−2, and almost no decay was observed after 1000 cycles. This strategy, combining high area specific capacitance electrodes (0.26 mAh cm−2) and ionogel separators, will pave a new road for the development of solid-state flexible lithium-ion supercapacitors with a high energy density. Keywords TiNb2O7 . Lithium-ion supercapacitor . Ionogel separator . Flexible supercapacitor
Introduction On account of the merits of high power output and ultralong cycle life, supercapacitors have developed rapidly in recent years. They are widely used in many fields, especially in portable electronic equipment and flexible electronic devices
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03717-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Haitao Zhang [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
3
College of Life Science, Key laboratory of Straw Biology and Higher Value Application, the Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
4
The Branch School of the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100086, People’s Republic of China
[1–5]. However, there are particular challenges related to electrodes that need to be addressed well before their applications in flexible fields: (1) Traditional current collectors are non-applicable, (2) the interface compatibility between various constituent materials is relatively weak, (3) deformation will lead to severe irreversible microstructural damages and eventually evolve into the degradation of performances, (4) the leakage risk of liquid electrolyte
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