Brain Phosphatidylserine: Metabolism and Functions
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is involved in cell signaling and apoptosis. In the brain, PtdSer is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Numerous studies have indicated that the abundance of DHA in the brain is es
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Brain Phosphatidylserine: Metabolism and Functions
R. Mozzi . S. Buratta
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Phosphatidylserine in Cell Signaling: General Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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Metabolism of Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Studies with Metabolic Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 In vitro Assays of PtdSer Synthesizing Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Regulation of PtdSer Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PtdSer Decarboxylation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Degradation of PtdSer by Phospholipases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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Phosphatidylserine in Brain Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
G. Tettamanti & G. Goracci (eds.), Neural Lipids, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_3, # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009
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Brain phosphatidylserine: metabolism and functions
Abstract: Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is involved in cell signaling and apoptosis. In the brain, PtdSer is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Numerous studies have indicated that the abundance of DHA in the brain is essential for optimal neuronal function. PtdSer concentration in the nervous tissue membranes varies with age, brain areas, cell type and subcellular components. PtdSer is synthesized by base exchange between free serine and the nitrogen base present in phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine. The capability to synthesize PtdSer by base exchange varies with cell types, subcellular fractions and developmental stage. At least two isoforms of PtdSer synthesizing enzymes are present in brain. PtdSer cellular levels also depend on its decarboxylation to phosphatidylethanolamine or conversion to lysoPtdSer by phospholipases. The mechanisms regulating PtdSer synthesis and degradation are still not defined. Thus, the role of PtdSer in cell signaling and apoptosis cannot be clearly established at molecular level. Several reports indicate that alteration in PtdSer synthesis might participate to development of brain damage. List of Abbreviations: BEE, base exchange enzyme; CGC, cerebellar granule cells; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
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