Burakumin: A Japanese Minority and Education
This is a profile of people known as Burakumin, a Japanese minority group with a history of many centuries. The Burakumin is an "in visible race" which, unlike the Negro and other races in America, lacks stigma of color or other physical distinctions. No
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BURAKUMIN: A JAPANESE MIN"ORITY AND EDUCATION by NOBUO SHIMAHARA
MARTINUS NI]HOFF / THE HAGUE / I97I
@ I97I by Martinus Nijhott, The Hague, Netherlands All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form
ISBN-13= 978-90-247-5128-0 e-ISBN-13= 978-94-010-3050-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-3050-2
JAPAN
N
&
THE GENERAL RESEARCH LOCATION
The General Location of the Research
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IX
INTRODUCTION
XI
CHAPTER ONE: Japan in transition: Culture and education Since Meiji Contemporary change Prewar education Postwar Showa reform
CHAPTER Two: The Burakumin as a minority Discriminated Japanese Historical background The formation of Burakumin Development of emancipation movements Postwar emancipation movement
CHAPTER THREE: The Burakumin in J unan Social encounter of Burakumin Ecological aspects of J unan Pattern of maintenance systems in Junan Personality Conflict in J unan Unity or continuing conflict in Junan
CHAPTER FOUR: Burakumin and education
Schools in Eizen School program Junan students in schools Four operating elements in Dowa education at Yonami and Tozai Dowa education at Yonami Dowa education at Tozai
CHAPTER FIVE: National policies and local responses BaCkground of Zendokyo Government-supported Dowa education
1
1 2 8 10
14 14 15 17 19 22
26
28 31 34 37 40 47
49 49 50 51 60 63 70
75 75 78
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VIII
Zendokyo organization and its role Responses to national policies CHAPTER
SIX: Search and perspective
80 82 86
BIBLIOGRAPHY
96
RECOMMENDED READING
97
GLOSSARY OF JAPANESE TERMS
99
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It was Professor George Spindler at Stanford University who en-
couraged me to write this case study. I wish to express my gratitude to him for his insightful suggestions and criticisms which were indeed valuable to the undertaking of my work. I am particularly grateful to Professor Theodore Brameld at the University of Hawaii for his continuous encouragement and generous assistance without which my field work could not have been completed. I would also like to express my appreciation to the following persons for their assistance during my field work and writing: Professor Hiroyoshi Inai, Professor Shigeharu Matsuura, Professor David Conrad, Professor Adam Scrupski, and Miss Midori Matsuyama. My gratitude cannot be fully expressed in words to my informants whose cooperation made possible my project in Japan as well as this case study. Unfortunately I am not able to name them here since their names must be kept confidential. I am deeply indebted to the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research who assisted to finance my Japanese research for one year from 1964 to 1965. Finally I appreciate the generosity of the Random House who allowed me to make a quotation from: Edwin Reischauer, Beyond Vietnam: the United States and Asia. New Brunswick, New Jersey October, 1970
N.s.
INTRODUCTION
This is a profile of people known as Burakumin, a Japanese minority group with a history of many ce
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