Candidate resistance genes selection and transcriptome analysis for the early responses to Plasmopara viticola infection
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Candidate resistance genes selection and transcriptome analysis for the early responses to Plasmopara viticola infection in grape cultivars Li Liu 1,2 & Bo Zhang 1,3 & Hui Wang 2 & Shu Yi Yu 2 & Tian Shu Guan 2 & Yu Fei Huang 1 & Chang Yuan Liu 2 Received: 20 April 2018 / Accepted: 28 March 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine worldwide. In order to better understand the cellular processes involved in resistance to downy mildew, leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Centennial Seedless’ (susceptible) and Vitis labrusca×Vitis riparia cv. ‘Beta’ (resistant) were inoculated with Plasmopara viticola, and were used in the Illumina HiSeq™2000 platform for deep transcriptome sequencing. We performed transcriptome analysis and identified a total of 1091 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the disease-resistant cultivar and 849 in the susceptible cultivar. To increase understanding of the DEGs, the datasets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) database. Most of them were found to be associated with plant–pathogen interaction, flavonoid synthesis, phenylpropanoid synthesis metabolism and phytohormone signal transduction. Moreover, transcription factors ERF, MYB, WRKY, and bHLH associated with disease resistance were screened. A total of 196 genes were identified as the candidate resistant genes. The expression of 18 differentially expressed genes was detected by RT-qPCR. Finally, the pattern of differentially expressed genes was consistent with the result of transcriptome sequencing. The present study identified several candidate resistance genes and signal transduction pathways that may contribute to downy mildew resistance in grapes. Keywords Downy mildew . RNA sequencing . Differentially expressed gene . Defense response
Introduction Grape downy mildew is a common disease in most parts of the world where grapes are grown, caused by Plasmopara viticola (Berk. et Curtis) Berl. et De Toni, which is a biotrophic oomycete with a narrow host range (Dick 2002). The pathogen is able to infect all green plant tissues. Grape downy mildew has drawn much attention because of the great Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00546-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chang Yuan Liu [email protected] 1
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
2
Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, China
3
School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan 114007, China
economic losses it causes (Gessler et al. 2011). To protect against this pathogen, vinyards require frequent fungicide applications to produce healthy fruit, a practice that is not only costly for the grower but also contributes to environmental pollution and may nega
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