Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Grafted Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol for Efficient Ni(II) Adsorption
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Carboxymethyl Cellulose‑Grafted Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol for Efficient Ni(II) Adsorption Hebat‑Allah S. Tohamy1 · Mohamed El‑Sakhawy1 · Samir Kamel1 Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted graphene oxide blended with polyethylene glycol composite hydrogel as a new adsorbent was prepared. Firstly, graphene oxide was synthesized from sugarcane bagasse as a plentiful waste via a single-step oxidation under muffled atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, carboxymethyl cellulose was prepared from extracted cellulose and grafted onto graphene oxide by different ratios. The grafted graphene oxide was blended with polyethylene glycol in presence of glutaraldehyde as a cross linker to form a triple network hydrogel. The structures and morphologies of the prepared composite were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TGA/DTA analysis. The prepared composites were used as adsorbents for the removal of Ni ions from aqueous solution. Different adsorption conditions were investigated such as; time intervals (15–90 min), Ni2+ concentrations (15–30 ppm), and temperature (298–328 K). The kinetics and isotherms were studied to highlight the adsorption rate and mechanism of the adsorption process. The results showed that the hydrogels fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second order with the best fit of R 2. On the other hand the positive values of ∆H, the negative values of ΔG, and the positive values of ∆S indicated that the N i2+ adsorption is an endothermic process. The prepared hydrogels showed promising properties as the adsorption materials. Keyword Graphene oxide · Carboxymethyl cellulose · Hydrogel · Ni2+ adsorption · Thermodynamic and kinetic studies
Introduction Recently, scientists of environment considered the metals contamination of water is as an essential topic. Not only the water can be contaminated from natural sources like volcanoes, ore deposits, and weathering but also it can be contaminated from anthropogenic activities for example wastewater irrigation, agriculture activities, industries, and mining [1]. So, the contamination of water is a worldwide problem for the environment as well as human health [2]. Nanotechnology has opened a window of opportunity for researching water purification by new economically viable materials [2]. Nanomaterials, namely nanoparticles, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes have the capability to perform as adsorbents, which make it a good choice for the adsorption of water pollutants [2]. However, * Samir Kamel [email protected] 1
Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33, El‑Bohouth Str., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
the high price of graphene and conventional adsorbent fostered researchers to focus on alternative adsorbent produced from lignocellulosic materials (i.e. eco-friendly materials) [2]. On the other
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