Catalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing: Methodological Aspects
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PERSPECTIVE
Catalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing: Methodological Aspects Dmitry Yu. Murzin • Tapio Salmi
Published online: 26 June 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Preface Gabor Somorjai The Perspective entitled ‘‘Catalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Proceedings’’ addresses many of the challenges and opportunities of catalytic conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals. It should be considered in light of the history of woody biomass conversion for fuels and chemicals both in Finland, where this Perspective originates, and in Sweden, dating back to the Second World War. Of course, the technologies of producing paper from wood without catalysis have a considerable longer history. This description of the chemical structures of lignocellulosic biomass, the catalysts used for selective depolymerization, the analysis of the reactants and products, the catalyst preparation and overview of kinetic and mechanistic studies utilizing different reactor technologies, provides readers with a valuable overview of the challenges of catalytic biomass conversion as it becomes an ever-growing contributor to produce fuels and chemicals. Abstract Increasing value of lignocellulosic biomass through catalytic approaches is an area, which recently attracted a lot of attention. Due to specific features of such catalysis, different from more traditional heterogeneous catalysis in transformations of petrochemicals, the authors considered important to address various methodological issues, such as product analysis, catalytic measurements, influence of mass transfer, development of kinetic expressions, reactions intensification by application of microreactors and technology development in general. Potential pitfalls, challenges and research opportunities are highlighted. D. Yu. Murzin (&) T. Salmi ˚ bo Akademi University, Turku, Finland A e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Heterogeneous catalysis Methodology and phenomena Processes and reactions
1 Introduction One of the authors was approached by the editors of Catalysis Letters to provide some thoughts about important directions—past, present and future—in the field of catalysis science. Any review (perspective) of this type is pretty subjective, it would take, therefore, an effort of many scientists to formulate more or less balanced view on the future perspectives in catalysis. Such an endeavor was for example recently undertaken by a group of Dutch scientists working in the field of catalysis [1]. The authors [1] formulated a number of research topics for the coming years, such as (a) nanostructured heterogeneous catalysis; including control of catalysts on an atomic scale, precise synthesis, understanding structure/environment/performance relationships, (b) molecular catalytic systems; (c) predictive catalysis, (d) new catalytic conversions emphasizing sustainable/green chemistry approach. Processing of biomass was mentioned in Ref. [1], as one of the novel conversions (along with other reactions, such as valorization of CO2 for example) which have
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