Different Facets of Lignocellulosic Biomass Including Pectin and Its Perspectives
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REVIEW
Different Facets of Lignocellulosic Biomass Including Pectin and Its Perspectives Sarita Shrestha1 · Aristide Laurel Mokale Kognou1 · Jin Zhang2 · Wensheng Qin1 Received: 26 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The plant matter, lignocellulosic biomass, is a renewable and inexpensive abundant natural resource in the world. The development of inexhaustible energy rehabilitated from agricultural waste is an alternative for fossil fuel to reduce C O2 emission and prevent global warming. The amount of waste generated has a direct correlation with the human population. Thus, the waste generated by the community is being added to the environment as the municipal, agricultural waste, and waste produced from forest-based industries. Moreover, there are high possibilities of having environment-friendly valuable bio-based products, including biofuels, biogas, enzymes, and biochar from biomass without competing with the food supply chain. However, only a few or limited kinds of products are produced industrially. This review highlights the significance of lignocellulosic biomass. It describes the different valuable products like biochemicals, biochar, enzymes, single-cell protein, dye dispersant, and bioplastic from lignocellulosic biomass, emphasizing their applications briefly. Besides, this review also highlights the pretreatment of biomass, mainly focusing on biological pretreatment. Natural biomass utilization would lead to solving the energy shortage, food security issues, and obstacles for developing technological solutions in agriculture, agro-processing, and other related manufacturing sectors. Graphic Abstract
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass · Bioproducts · Pretreatment · Enzyme
Statement of Novelty There have been several studies regarding the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. However, almost all articles review and include the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This review article aims to have pectin as a constituent of biomass because some lignocellulosic biomasses are rich in pectin. Though pectin is present in a low concentration in many plants’ biomasses, it is accountable in fruits and vegetable wastes, and pectin has diverse applications. Thus, to include pectin as the cell wall component of plant biomass in this review article is the novelty of the article. Also, this article describes the different possible value-adding products produced from biomass. It is also necessary to know about additional steps to produce various products from biomass, including the pretreatment methods, to reduce production cost. With the utilization of biomasses, pollutions and disposal problems caused by those wastes will be decreased.
Introduction The organic matter which is found readily and abundantly in the earth like wood, grasses, crop residues, kitchen waste, forestry waste, animal manures, and wastes pro
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