Catalytic potential of CuFe 2 O 4 /GO for activation of peroxymonosulfate in metronidazole degradation: study of mechani
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Catalytic potential of CuFe2O4/GO for activation of peroxymonosulfate in metronidazole degradation: study of mechanisms Roghayeh Noroozi 1 & Mitra Gholami 2,1 & Mahdi Farzadkia 2,1 & Ahmad Jonidi Jafari 2,1 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Application of magnetite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4/GO) were anchored on graphene oxide (GO), as a Heterogeneous nanocomposite for activating of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) into Metronidazole (MNZ) destruction. The effect of solution pH, reaction time, effectiveness of water matrix components and trapping factors, different catalyst concentrations, PMS and contaminants were evaluated as operating factors on the efficiency of MNZ degradation. Also, mineralization, stability, reactivity and Recycling tests of the catalyst, and the degradation kinetics were performed. MNZ degradation and mineralization were obtained under optimal conditions (0.2 g/L catalyst, pH = 5, 30 mg/L MNZ and 2 mM PMS), 100% and 41.02%, respectively over 120 min. Leaching of Fe and Cu was found NO3− > Cl− > SO42−. The experimental data were very good agreement with pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and during quenching tests SO4•- radicals played a dominant role in the degradation process of MNZ. As a result, the CuFe2O4/ GO/PMS system can be described as a promising activation of PMS in MNZ degradation, due to its high stability, reusability and good catalyst reactivity, and the production of reactive species simultaneously. Keywords Metronidazole . CuFe2O4 . Peroxymonosulfate . Graphene oxide
Introduction The use of antibiotics in the pharmaceutical manufacturing and household and hospitals applications has increased in recent decades. Today, drug substances have been traced in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants, groundwater, surface water, and drinking water [1–4]. Antibiotics are resistant organic substances that have adverse effects on environment and human health, and their release, even at low concentrations, causes bacterial resistance [2, 5–7].
* Mitra Gholami [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Metronidazole (MNZ) is one of the most common nitroimidazole antibiotics used to treat infectious diseases caused by protozoa and anaerobic bacteria, in both humans and animals. Also, MNZ is added as anti-parasitic agent to fish and chicken feeds in veterinary medicine [8–10]. The mutagenicity of this antibiotic in humans and its carcinogenicity in animals have been investigated and confirmed. [11]. Due to the biological stability and high solubility in water, the use of advanced technologies to remove these antibiotics has been considered [9, 11]. Many methods such as surface adsorption [11, 12], optical decomposition [8, 13], chemical oxidation [14], electrochemical degradation [15, 16], and biological decomp
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