Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Engine Oil over Y Zeolite Synthesized from Natural Clay
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Engine Oil over Y Zeolite Synthesized from Natural Clay Gabriel Kofi Osei1,2,3 · Ange Nzihou2 · Abu Yaya1 · Doan Pham Minh2 · B. Onwona‑Agyeman1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cheap alumino-silicate materials such as clay materials and Y zeolite were selected for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste engine oil in a fixed bed reactor. A cheaper route of Y zeolite synthesis involving hydrothermal activation of the raw clay and hydrothermal synthesis was employed. X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red, and nitrogen desorption method were used to characterize the intermediate phases formed during the hydrothermal treatment of the clay and the synthesized Y zeolite during the hydrothermal processes. The chemical compositions of the liquid phase of catalytic pyrolysis were characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). The results revealed that the alkaline concentration strongly influenced the activation of the raw clay to obtain a useful phase for the subsequent synthesis of the Y zeolite. The synthesis improved the surface area from 29 m2/g for the clay to 745 m2/g for the zeolite. The catalytic pyrolysis resulted in diesel fractions of 64.8 and 54.7%, respectively for the Y zeolite and the clay. It was observed that the gasoline fractions increased to 20.5 and 19.1%, respectively for the zeolite and the clay. In the diesel fraction, the zeolite selectively improved the yield of the cyclo-alkanes which are key constituents in terms of the quality of diesel. Y zeolite was successfully derived from a natural clay and tested in the pyrolysis of waste engine oil. The synthesis route provides the opportunity to improve the catalytic property of the natural clay. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Waste engine oil · Catalytic pyrolysis · Hydrothermal activation · Y zeolite · Natural clay * B. Onwona‑Agyeman bonwona‑[email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
2
Université de Toulouse, Mines Albi, CNRS, Centre RAPSODEE, Campus Jarlard, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
3
Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
Statement of Novelty Waste engine oil disposal is problematic in developing countries and this is due to the inadequate waste management system. This study investigates the possibility of converting waste engine oil to useful fuels through catalytic pyrolysis. The use of natural clay, which had not been considered in the pyrolysis of waste engine oil before, was explored both as a
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catalyst and as a raw material for the synthesis of Y zeolite. The hydrothermal process adopted for Y zeolite synthesis prevents the use of chemical reagents which are predominant in the synthesis of alumino-silicate gel. Therefore, the study presents a new perspective for natural
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