Production of oil and gas through thermal and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Production of oil and gas through thermal and thermo‑catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene Z. Hussain1 · M. Khatak1 · K. M. Khan2 · M. Y. Naz3 · N. M. AbdEl‑Salam4 · K. A. Ibrahim5 Received: 22 May 2019 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Waste polyethylene is one of the most abundant plastics coming to the municipal waste. Polyethylene releases toxic chemicals, which deteriorate the environment and human health. This study investigates the valorization of waste polyethylene through thermal and thermo-catalytic pyrolysis process. Being low cost and reusable, the ordinary Portland and white cements were used as a catalyst. The thermal, white cement catalyzed, and Portland cement catalyzed pyrolysis produced 83.16%, 90.99%, and 89.61% relative amount of oil, respectively, at optimum temperature of 500 °C. For time optimization, the pyrolysis reaction was carried out for different time intervals between 15 and 78 min. The catalyst weight of 30% was found best option for increasing the hydrocarbon yield and cutting down the reaction time and is deemed as ensuring the economic disposal of the waste polyethylene. The oil product was broken down into fractions with boiling points comparable to gasoline, kerosene, and diesel and some residual fraction. The gaseous product was analyzed through different chemical analysis and combustibility tests. The oil product was analyzed using FT-IR and GC–MS techniques. It was observed that the oil product is composed of alkane and alkenes. The oil products of catalytic and thermal processes exhibited different chemical compositions. The number of compounds and their nature varied with a change in pyrolysis approach. Graphic abstract
Keywords Waste polyethylene · Catalytic valorization · Clinker catalyst · Catalytic pyrolysis * M. Y. Naz [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
2
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
3
Departmen of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
4
Arriyadh Community College, King Saud University, Arriyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia
5
College of Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Introduction Waste plastics are a potential threat to the environment. The environmental pollution is increasing over time due to a rise in population on earth and rapidly changing lifestyle. The waste materials are not only polluting our land, but water bodies as well including the oceans. According to an estimate, some eight million metric tons of is being blown by wind or washed down drains by rainwater into rivers and ultimately the oceans [1]. It is also estimated that by the end of 2025, oceans will contain 10 bags of plastics per foot. The size of this problem is beefing up due to fast decreasing
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landfill capacity and increasing
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