Cellulose hydrogel functionalized titanate microspheres with self-cleaning for efficient purification of heavy metals in

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Cellulose hydrogel functionalized titanate microspheres with self-cleaning for efficient purification of heavy metals in oily wastewater Ye Xiong . Lulu Xu . Chunde Jin . Qingfeng Sun

Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020  Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract Heavy metal pollution containing large amounts of oil pollutants is becoming one of the major water pollution categories. The presence of oil can seriously hinder the performance of existing heavy metal ion scavengers. In order to change this embarrassment, a self-cleaning titanate hydrogel microsphere is developed and applied to the treatment of oily heavy metal wastewater. Gel functionalized titanate microspheres are prepared by a simple sol– gel process through ionic liquid dissolved cellulose solution as raw materials. As a result, the hybrid hydrogel microspheres inherit and integrate the intrinsic properties of both titanate and cellulose hydrogels, and exhibit an excellent ability to handle this oily wastewater. In detail, the oil contact angle underwater for the THMS is greater than * 153, and its adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ions is up to 176.4 mg/ g. Furthermore, it shows a significant improvement in adsorption efficiency, application range, and recycling behavior. More importantly, this easy-to-use selfcleaning method can be extended to a variety of other

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03329-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Y. Xiong  L. Xu  C. Jin  Q. Sun (&) School of Engineering, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]

adsorbents to efficiently treat oily wastewater. In summary, this work may provide a viable and easy way for oily wastewater treatment from multiple sources. Keywords Cellulose hydrogel  Titanate  Selfcleaning  Heavy metal removal  Oily wastewater treatment

Introduction With industrial and social development, water pollution is changing from a single pollution into a multilevel pollution (Li et al. 2019; Singha et al. 2018; Sun et al. 2019). The major source of pollution includes heavy metal ions and greasy dirt, resulting from metal mining, crude oil exploration, domestic wastewater, and accidental oil spills (Zhang et al. 2020a, b). Many kinds of metal ion adsorbents have been exploited for water purification, such as resin, molecular sieve, activated carbon, graphene, metal–organic frameworks, and various inorganic materials (Bolisetty and Mezzenga, 2016; Miller et al. 2017; Ma et al. 2018; Maleki et al. 2019; Ying et al. 2015). However, since all of these metal ion adsorbents are potentially lipophilic, oil droplets and other impurities tend to irreversibly adsorb on the adsorbent surface, causing severe adsorbent fouling and sharply weakening

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adsorption efficiency (Qi et al. 2018). This circumstance can lead to various cation removers