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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Facile fabrication of super-hydrophilic cellulose hydrogelcoated mesh using deep eutectic solvent for efficient gravitydriven oil/water separation Huiqiang Wang . Jiachen Li . Xin Yu . Xiaoyu Zhao . Xianhai Zeng . Feng Xu . Xing Tang . Yong Sun . Lu Lin

Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract The development of sustainable, low-cost, green and efficient oil–water separation materials is an attractive and challenging work. Oil/water separation process has been achieved by a variety of materials with special wettability, but most materials require complex instruments or involve toxic and corrosive chemicals, which might lead to some potential economic and environmental issues. Our work proposed here is a novel super-hydrophilic, underwater super-oleophobic cellulose hydrogel-coated mesh Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03578-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Wang  J. Li  X. Yu  X. Zhao  X. Zeng (&)  X. Tang  Y. Sun  L. Lin (&) College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] L. Lin e-mail: [email protected] X. Zeng  X. Tang  Y. Sun  L. Lin Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-Valued Utilization of Biomass, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-Valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China F. Xu Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China

(CHCM) which produced by deep eutectic solvent, aimed for efficient gravity-driven oil/water separation. Based on this pre-wet CHCM, the separation efficiency of various oil–water mixtures was above 98.0%, and the results also showed that CHCM has good recyclability and durability, even after 20 cycles, the separation efficiency also maintained at 98.5%. Impressively, the prepared CHCM also exhibited good salt resistance; it can separate a high efficiency pump oil mixture from a saturated aqueous NaCl solution. Through XPS analysis of CHCM, the oil–water separation mechanism is due to the large number of super-hydrophilic groups on its surface. This simple, green, and efficient method overcomes an important barrier to the safe separation of oil–water mixtures and provides insights into the design of advanced materials for practical oil–water separation. Keywords Cellulose hydrogel  Super-hydrophilic  Wire mesh  Oil/water separation

Introduction In recent years, the rapid growth of global energy demand has intensified the exploitation of crude oil (Ao et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). At the same time, increasing oil leakage and oil spills have become one of the top environmental problem (Ma et al. 2016). At present, cleaning up oil spills in the water is a difficult

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Cellulose

problem in today’s world. Environmental and economic needs