Ceramic bricks containing Ni ions from contaminated biomass used as an adsorbent
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(2020) 30:26
Sustainable Environment Research
RESEARCH
Open Access
Ceramic bricks containing Ni ions from contaminated biomass used as an adsorbent Daiana Simón1, Nancy Quaranta2, Sebastián Gass1, Raúl Procaccini1 and Adrián Cristóbal1*
Abstract This article shows how pine sawdust residues can be used to adsorb nickel ions from synthetic solutions and then to produce porous bricks for civil construction using a mixture of natural clay and biomass containing the adsorbed metals. The adsorption tests were performed by mixing NiCl2 solutions with pine sawdust during a fixed stirring period of 24 h. The set was filtered and the filtrate was analysed. Highest efficiency adsorbate/adsorbent ratio was 50 mL of 1 M NiCl2 solution and 20 g L− 1 of pine sawdust. This was the contaminated biomass sample used in the manufacture of the bricks. This paper analyses the properties of the bricks achieved and compares them with bricks without added biomass, porous bricks containing zinc and commercial bricks. The obtained values of bulk density, apparent specific weight, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent volume, weight loss on ignition, compressive strength, flexural modulus of rupture and efficiency retention of metal in the brick, demonstrate that the ceramic pieces obtained are optimal for construction. Keywords: Toxic metals, Wood waste, Adsorption, Porous bricks, Cooked ceramic immobilization, Sustainability
Introduction Heavy metals are the main inorganic micro pollutants, and their discharge into aquatic bodies affects the ecosystem and health due to their toxicity and possible carcinogenic effect. The lack of biodegradability of these pollutants results in their bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment, and their danger is given both by the concentrations as well as their chemical behaviour. The anthropogenic sources of heavy metals are very varied, with the metal finishing industry being the most contributor due to the large number of companies that integrate and its geographical dispersion [1–3]. Nickel is a dangerous heavy metal. The World Health Organization states that 0.07 mg L− 1 is the allowed limit of this contaminant in water for consumption [4]. This contaminant can cause adverse effects on the blood, * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute for Research in Materials Science and Technology, National University of Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
kidneys, bronchi, lung and stomach. The main sources of nickel are the stainless steel and alloy, electroplating, catalysts and Ni/Cd industries. The reduction of nickel concentration in water and wastewater is of great interest due to the current increase in demand of such emitting industries [5, 6]. The most commonly used conventional methods for removing Ni (II) and other toxic metals from wastewater are chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, flotation, adsorption with activated carbon, among others [6, 7]. However, to date, the
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