Cerebrovascular reactivity and its correlation with age in patients with multiple sclerosis
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cerebrovascular reactivity and its correlation with age in patients with multiple sclerosis Laura Pelizzari 1 & Maria M. Laganà 1 & Francesca Baglio 1 & Niels Bergsland 1,2 & Pietro Cecconi 1 & Stefano Viotti 1 & Luigi Pugnetti 1 & Raffaello Nemni 1,3 & Giuseppe Baselli 4 & Mario Clerici 1,3 & Laura Mendozzi 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract We assessed cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) within gray matter (GM), normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and white matter (WM) lesions in a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Furthermore, correlations between CBF, CVR and age were investigated. 31 MS patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) were examined on a 1.5 T MRI scanner, using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI. MS vs HC CBF and CVR differences were assessed in GM regions of interest (i.e. resting state networks and vascular territories), and within WM. Correlations between CBF/CVR and age were then computed for MS and HC groups. Whereas no significant CBF and CVR differences were observed between MS and HC in any of the considered brain areas, significantly lower CBF was found in WM lesions with respect to NAWM (p < 0.001) in MS patients. Furthermore, CVR was significantly correlated with age in HC, but not in MS patients. The relatively low-grade of inflammation of our MS cohort may be associated with the observed lack of significant CVR differences between MS patients and HC. The loss of correlation between CVR and age in the MS group suggests that CVR may be influenced by MS-related factors. Keywords Age . Arterial spin labeling . Cerebral blood flow . Cerebrovascular reactivity . Multiple sclerosis
Introduction Multiples sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by progressive neurologic degeneration, eventually leading to irreversible Laura Pelizzari and Maria M. Laganà contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00132-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria M. Laganà [email protected] 1
IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, MRI Laboratory, Via Alfonso Capecelatro, 66 Milan, Italy
2
Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
3
Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
4
Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
disability as well as impaired cognition in around 60 % of patients. (Reich et al. 2018) Although its pathogenesis is not completely clear, growing evidence suggests that vascular aspects play an important role in the disease. (Spencer et al. 2018; D'Haeseleer et al. 2011) Alterations in the brain blood barrier permeability are well establ
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