Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression profiles under drought stress in tolerant, intermediate, an
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression profiles under drought stress in tolerant, intermediate, and susceptible wheat genotypes Leila Nasirzadeh1 · Behzad Sorkhilaleloo2 · Eslam Majidi Hervan1 · Foad Fatehi3 Received: 1 February 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Drought is a common abiotic stress that influences crop production to a large extent all over the world. Wheat crop experiences drought at main stages during its life cycle, which induces oxidative stress in the plants. The antioxidant mechanisms of the plant have a significant role in providing tolerance against the water stress. The objective of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity and transcript profile of antioxidant enzyme related genes in three wheat genotypes to be TN4228 (drought tolerant), TN1399 (moderately tolerant) and TN3737 (susceptible) at control [80% Field capacity (FC)] medium (40% FC) and severe stress (25% FC). Water-limited conditions led to a decrease in relative water content (RWC). However, drought increased malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)]. In addition, we observed the enhancement of the delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), CAT, APX and SOD gene expressions at drought stress conditions. Both moderate and severe stresses caused genotype-specific responses, which were dependent on stress severity. According to drought stress and defense systems in TN4228, it was obtained that the engaged genes and enzymes play significant roles in defense responses and could be viable targets to determine the level of drought tolerance. Keywords Drought · Wheat · Antioxidant enzymes · Gene expression · Proline Abbreviations CAT Catalase SOD Superoxide dismutase APX Ascorbate peroxidase MDA Malondialdehyde H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide P5CS Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase RWC Relative water content FC Field capacity ROS Reactive oxygen species
* Behzad Sorkhilaleloo [email protected] 1
Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3
Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
Introduction Drought is a major abiotic stress that adversely influences crop production and leads to economic losses in the world (Dolferus et al. 2019). Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an economically important food for about 1/3 of the world’s population (Dudziak et al. 2019). Recently, the importance of drought-resistant cultivars is more highlighted due to increasing the adverse impact of climate change particularly in arid and semiarid areas such as most parts of Iran (Fang and Xiong 2015). Genotypic variations for resistance to drought stress are known to exist in different crops. The dev
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