Benzopyrene induces oxidative stress and increases expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and CYP450 and GST
- PDF / 2,462,511 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 28 Downloads / 234 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Benzopyrene induces oxidative stress and increases expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, and CYP450 and GST metabolizing enzymes in Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) Alberto González1 · Daniela Espinoza1 · Constanza Vidal1 · Alejandra Moenne1 Received: 25 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion Benzopyrene is rapidly incorporated and metabolized, and induces oxidative stress and activation of antioxidant enzymes, and CYP450 and GST metabolizing enzymes in Ulva lactuca. Abstract To analyze absorption and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in Ulva lactuca, the alga was cultivated with 5 µM of BaP for 72 h. In the culture medium, BaP level rapidly decreased reaching a minimal level at 12 h and, in the alga, BaP level increased until 6 h, remained stable until 24 h, and decreased until 72 h indicating that BaP is being metabolized in U. lactuca. In addition, BaP induced an initial increase in hydrogen peroxide decreasing until 24 h, superoxide anions level that remained high until 72 h, and lipoperoxides that initially increased and decreased until 72 h, showing that BaP induced oxidative stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (AP), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) were increased, whereas dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity was unchanged. The level of transcripts encoding these antioxidant enzymes was increased, but transcripts encoding DHAR remained unchanged. Interestingly, the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was also increased, and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and GST activities enhanced the level of BaP in algal tissue, suggesting that these enzymes participate in BaP metabolism. Keywords Benzopyrene · CYP450 oxidase · GST · Metabolism · Oxidative stress · Marine alga · Ulva lactuca
Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed by benzene rings bonded in linear, clustered or angular arrangements (Abdel-Shafi et al. 2016; Mojiri et al. 2019). Small PAHs are constituted by two to four benzenes and large PAHs contain five and six benzene rings. The smaller PAHs is naphtalene, formed by two benzene rings, and phenantrene (PHE) and anthracene (ANT) that are formed by three benzene rings. In particular, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is formed by six benzenes arranged as a cluster (Abdel-Shafi et al. Communicated by R. George Ratcliffe. * Alejandra Moenne [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago, Chile
2016; Mojiri et al. 2019). PAHs are present in petroleum and they are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood, oils and coal or by anthropogenic cause such automobile emissions and cigarette smoking. PAHs are highly lipophilic and very soluble in organic solvents and they easily cross cellular membranes (Abdel-Shafi et al. 2016; Mojir
Data Loading...
