Changes in microbial biomass, community composition and diversity, and functioning with soil depth in two alpine ecosyst
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Changes in microbial biomass, community composition and diversity, and functioning with soil depth in two alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan plateau Tianle Xu & Xiao Chen & Yanhui Hou & Biao Zhu
Received: 4 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and aims Microbial communities play an important regulatory role in soil carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Most studies on microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling focus on surface soils (0–20 cm). However, relatively little is known about how structure and functioning of microbial communities shift with depth in a soil profile, which is crucial to understand biogeochemical cycling in deep soils. Methods We combined a number of complementary techniques to investigate the microbial biomass, community composition and diversity, and potential functioning along soil profile (0–70 cm) in two alpine ecosystems (meadow and shrubland) on the Tibetan Plateau. Results The microbial biomass and fungi:bacteria ratio declined significantly with depth, while the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria increased with depth in both ecosystems. Microbial community composition showed significant differences among soil depths and between ecosystems. The relative abundance
of some phylum of archaea, bacteria or fungi (e.g. Basidiomycota, Bacteroidetes) changed significantly with soil depth and ecosystem type. Bacteria diversity declined with depth, while archaea richness (OTU number) increased with depth and fungi diversity and richness did not show clear trend with depth. The cooccurrence network analysis further showed that surface soil microbes were more connected and interacted among each other compared to deep soil microbes. Moreover, total enzymatic activities and soil C mineralization rate declined with depth in both ecosystems. We also detected shifts with depth in some functional guilds of bacteria (based on faprotax database) in both ecosystems and fungi (based on FUNGuild database) only in shrubland. Conclusions The biomass, community composition and diversity, and potential functioning of microbial communities all shifted significantly along soil profile in both ecosystems, and the vertical patterns of diversity varied among different microbial groups. This may have important implications for carbon and nutrient cycling along the soil profile in alpine ecosystems.
Responsible Editor: Jeff R. Powell Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04712-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. T. Xu : X. Chen : Y. Hou : B. Zhu (*) Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the
Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China e-mail: [email protected]
Plant Soil
Keywords Alpine ecosystem . Soil depth . Soil microbes . Enzyme activity . DNA sequencing . PLFA
Introduction The biotic and
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