Changes of Enzymatic Activities, Substrate Utilization Pattern, and Microbial Community Diversity in Heavy Metal-Contami
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Changes of Enzymatic Activities, Substrate Utilization Pattern, and Microbial Community Diversity in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils Sun Yuebing & Zheng Shunan & Wang Lin & Liang Xuefeng & Xu Yingming
Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Globally, heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil is a serious problem that can lead to long-term toxic effects on soil. In this milieu, the present study investigated the eco-toxicological effects of three trace elements, e.g., cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb), on enzyme activities and microbial function and structural diversity in phaeozem and red soil samples. Hormesis effects of Cd, Cu, and Pb on catalase and invertase activities were observed in phaeozem soil, while for red soil, there was an inhibitory effect on the activities of catalase and invertase under Cu- and Pbcontaminated soils. The utilization of carbon sources was inhibited in Cd- and Pb-treated phaeozem soil, but higher utilization of polymers and amines exhibited in Cu-contaminated soil. Although the substrates under the contamination of Cd, Cu, and Pb had high average well
Yuebing Sun and Shunan Zheng contributed equally to the work and should be regarded as co-first authors S. Yuebing : W. Lin : L. Xuefeng : X. Yingming Key Laboratory of Original Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro–Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin 300191, China S. Yuebing : W. Lin : L. Xuefeng : X. Yingming (*) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro–Environment and Agro–Product Safety, Agro–Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin 300191, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Shunan Rural Energy & Environment Agency, MARA, Beijing 100125, China
color development values across incubation time, the utilization of various substrates did not exhibit a regular trend under different treatments with HMs. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis showed that the HMs led to marginal changes in the number and species of soil microbes, while the similarity indices decreased in HM-treated samples, varying from 66.2 to 77.3% in phaeozem soil and from 62.8 to 66.7% in red soil. However, the sequence analysis showed that there existed metal-resistant microbial communities such as Bacillales, Bacillus, and Massilia and so on under the stress of HMs. Keywords Heavy metals . Microbial community . BiologEcoplate . Denaturinggradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) . Enzyme activity Abbreviations HM Heavy metal AWCD Average well color development CLPP Community-level physiological profile DGGE Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis MARA Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
1 Introduction Globally, heavy metal (HM) pollution of soil due to both natural and anthropogenic sources has become a serious issue. The anthropogenic sources include (1) agricultural practices, such as wastewater irrigation
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(Gupta et al. 2012; Zeb et al. 2020), sludge application (Nogueira et al. 2013), and abus
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