Characterisation of Residue Burning from Agricultural System in India using Space Based Observations
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SHORT NOTE
Characterisation of Residue Burning from Agricultural System in India using Space Based Observations Chandra Prakash Singh & Sushma Panigrahy
Received: 8 October 2010 / Accepted: 25 April 2011 / Published online: 4 June 2011 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011
Abstract Biomass burning is a global phenomenon with agriculture residue burning having a sizeable share. Biomass burning is a major source of emission of green house gases (GHGs). Thus the space-based observations of global distribution of fire form a key component of climate change studies. This study is a step towards understanding the spatio-temporal occurrence of agricultural residues burning in Indo-Gangetic plains of India using fire products from space borne satellites. The 3 years daily active fire data of MODIS (Aqua/ Terra) from August, 2006 to July, 2009 have been used in this study. The data analysis showed that out of total fire events, around 69% contribution
comes from agricultural areas and remaining (31%) comes from non-agricultural areas. This is mainly due to the intensive cultivation in this belt. The characterisation analysis revealed that, 84% of agriculture residues burning is from Rice-Wheat system (RWS) alone and remaining 16% in other types of crop rotations. The fire incidents were very high in October–December (55%) compared to that in March–May (36%), further indicating that burning of rice residue is more prevalent than that of wheat. Keywords Agricultural residue burning . Crop rotation . Rice-wheat system (RWS) . Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) . MOD14
Introduction C. P. Singh (*) Environment and Hydrology Division (ABHG/EPSA), Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Satellite Road, Jodhpur Tekra, Ambawadi Vistar P.O., Ahmedabad PIN-380015, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Panigrahy Environment and Hydrology Division (ABHG/EPSA), Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Satellite Road, Ahmedabad, India e-mail: [email protected]
Agriculture Residue Burning Two notable components of biomass burning are the incineration of wood, charcoal and agriculture waste as household fuel, and the combustion of crop residue in open fields. Agriculture residue includes all leaves, straw and husks left in the field after harvest. Agricultural fires are generally controlled fire events as compared to forest fires, but needs proper monitoring due to ambient air quality
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J Indian Soc Remote Sens (September 2011) 39(3):423–429
issues. The largest category of crops is cereal. In cereals the waste products which are the main contributors to biomass burning are wheat residue, rice straw and hulls, barley residue, maize stalks and leaves, and millet and sorghum stalks. Sugarcane also provides the next significant residue with two major crop wastes: barbojo, or the leaves and stalk, and bagasse, the crop processing residue. The cotton crop also gives nonnegligible residue in the form of stalks and husks, both of which are used as biofuels (Rosemarie and Jennifer 2003).
In year 2000, the total agricultural residue production in Indi
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