Characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution in desert steppe soil related to transportation and industrial acti
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution in desert steppe soil related to transportation and industrial activities Zhe Xu 1 & Wenbao Mi 1,2 & Nan Mi 1 & Xingang Fan 3 & Yao Zhou 1 & Ying Tian 1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A study area was selected from the industrial region of Gaoshawo Town, Yanchi County, Ningxia, to explore the level of heavy metal pollution in desert grasslands due to industrial activities. A total of 82 surface soils were collected, and the concentration of heavy metals, namely, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Co, was determined by ICP-AES (atomic emission spectrometer) (HK-8100); the average values were 21.64 ± 3.26, 0.18 ± 0.02, 44.99 ± 21.23, 87.18 ± 25.84, 86.63 ± 24.98, 570.49 ± 171.57, and 17.96 ± 9.96 mg kg−1. The single-factor, Nemerow pollution, and potential ecological risk index methods were used to evaluate the status of soil heavy metal pollution and the contribution from the major sources identified by the receptor model. The results showed that 9.09% of the samples were slightly polluted, 32.47% of the samples were moderately polluted, and 58.41% of the samples were heavily polluted. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated that 90.79% of the samples had moderate ecological risk. It was verified from the models and spatial distribution maps that Cr, Co, Zn, and Mn are mainly contributed by the industrial sources that account for 55.04%, 92.13%, 50.05%, and 48.77% of these heavy metals, respectively. The heavily contaminated areas are distributed around the industrial park. A total of 70.63% and 77.83% of Cu and Pb are contributed by transportation sources, respectively, with the concentrations decreasing from southwest to northeast. The contribution from agricultural activities to Cd is 77.02%, with concentrations largely distributed in the north of the highway. This study showed that the existence of the Gaoshawo Industrial Zone and the corresponding industrial and transportation activities have a significant impact on the grassland soil environment. Keywords Desert steppe . Heavy metals . APCS model . Source analysis
Introduction Soil is an important part of the ecological environment. Due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, a large amount of industrial wastes and chemical supplies are released into the environment. Soil pollution has become an important environmental issue (Huang et al. 2007). Among Responsible editor: Kitae Baek * Nan Mi [email protected] 1
College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2
College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3
West Development Research Center, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
different types of pollution, soil heavy metal pollution led to concealment, accumulation, and hysteresis in soil. Moreover, heavy metals are hard to degrade (Cai et al. 2019). It gets easily accumulated in soil and plants and cons
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