Occurrence of heavy metal in water, soil, and plants in fields irrigated with industrial wastewater in Sabata town, Ethi
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TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Occurrence of heavy metal in water, soil, and plants in fields irrigated with industrial wastewater in Sabata town, Ethiopia Fekede Terefe Gemeda 1
&
Dawit Diriba Guta 1 & Feyera Senbeta Wakjira 1 & Girma Gebresenbet 2
Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Industrial wastes have been increasingly discharged into water and soil, and causing environmental pollution in Ethiopia. This study examined the occurrence of heavy metal in water, soil, and plants in fields irrigated with industrial wastewater in Sabata town, Ethiopia. The composite samples of soil, water, and vegetables were collected accordingly to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Ni) in each system during dry and wet seasons. The concentration of heavy metal was assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The heavy metal concentration was decreased in the order of Pb > Mn > Ni > Cu > Zn, Mn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Zn, and Ni > Pb > Mn > Cu > Zn in the water, soil, and vegetables in the area respectively. The variation of levels of heavy metal in the water, soil, and vegetable might be because of the effect of heavy metal speciation and valence, industry types, vegetable types and tissues, and soil. The bioconcentration factor of heavy metals was higher than that one for copper, signifying the increased probability of health risk for those who are consuming vegetables grown in the area. Thus, the government should take this into account and devise mitigation strategies through the implementation of heavy metal removal systems from contaminated water and soil, waste management strategies of recycling, centralized or decentralized treatment plant, changing of industrial residual into biogas production, and awareness creation for the society. Keywords Industry . Heavy metal . Bioconcentration factor . Sabata . Ethiopia
Introduction The manufacturing industry is an important sector for economic growth of the country. However, the wastes emitted Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Fekede Terefe Gemeda [email protected] Dawit Diriba Guta [email protected] Feyera Senbeta Wakjira [email protected] Girma Gebresenbet [email protected] 1
Center of Environment and Development, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box. 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
2
Department of Energy and Technology, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7032, 730 07 Uppsala, Sweden
from the industries can pollute the soil and aquatic ecosystem since mitigation strategies are lacking in developing countries. This can pose considerable health impacts to the community exposed to water or vegetables grown on areas affected with industrial wastes (Landrigan et al. 2018). Farmers living in heavily contaminated areas near big cities are increasingly using industrial wastewater for irrigation because of the lack of access to
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