Characterization and Evaluation of Copper Slag as a Bifunctional Photocatalyst for Alcohols Degradation and Hydrogen Pro
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Characterization and Evaluation of Copper Slag as a Bifunctional Photocatalyst for Alcohols Degradation and Hydrogen Production Claudia Victoria Montoya‑Bautista1 · Próspero Acevedo‑Peña2 · Rodolfo Zanella3 · Rosa‑María Ramírez‑Zamora1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With the goal of providing an economically viable method for reducing water pollution and health impact by the mezcal industry wastes, photocatalytic degradation of toxic alcohols using copper slag (CS) was evaluated, investigating the possibility for a concurrent hydrogen production. CS was characterized extensively by XRD, XRF, SEM–EDS, UV–Vis and electrochemical techniques to evaluate its properties as a photocatalyst. The slag consists of magnetite, fayalite and a silicate glass phase. CS showed a band gap of 2.75 eV, which is in the values range reported for fayalite, an n-type semiconductor with a clearly defined surface state. The band edge scheme for CS shows energy levels within the range required to perform the photocatalytic water reduction reaction, as well as the oxidation of the studied alcohols and their by-products. Experiments using UV and simulated solar light show that the efficiency of CS is higher in the visible range and that hydrogen production increases in the order methanol > propanol > isoamyl alcohol. An apparent quantum yield for methanol degradation of 40% under simulated solar light was obtained. This provides the prospect for a low cost and potential efficient photocatalyst for the oxidation of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater under solar radiation, with the simultaneous hydrogen generation. Keywords Photocatalysis · Alcohol waste · Water remediation · Copper slag · Waste valorization
1 Introduction Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been established as a promising alternative to the traditional water treatment technologies (i.e. physical, chemical and biological processes), with a simultaneous hydrogen production. This process can degrade specific chemical pollutants in a partial or total Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01362-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Rosa‑María Ramírez‑Zamora [email protected] 1
Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
2
CONACYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, 11500 Mexico City, Mexico
3
Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
manner, transforming them into non-toxic or less toxic effluents [1–5]. TiO2 is the main material used for this purpose due to its relative low-cost, wide availability and high chemical stability to photocorrosion; nevertheless, its large band gap (3.2 eV) requires UV light
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