Characterization and Functional Assessment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients
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Characterization and Functional Assessment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients Marek Kukumberg 1 & Aung Moe Zaw 2 & Daniel H. C. Wong 1,3 & Chin Min Toh 3 & Bernard P. L. Chan 4 & Raymond C. S. Seet 4,5 & Peter T. H. Wong 3 & Evelyn K. F. Yim 1,2,6,7 Accepted: 19 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood as rare cell population, demonstrated a high proliferation and differentiation capacity. Understanding how such diseases influence the quantity and functionality of EPCs is essential for the development of novel therapies. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect the quantity and functionality of circulating EPCs in stroke patients and healthy controls. Blood samples were collected once from healthy donors (n = 30) and up to 3 times (within 7 days (baseline), 3 and 12 months post-stroke) from stroke patients (n = 207). EPC subpopulations were isolated with flow cytometry for characterization. The Matrigel tubular formation assay was performed as a measure of functionality. An increased amount of circulating EPCs was observed in stroke patients over 45 years when compared to age-matched healthy individuals. EPCs showed a rising trend in stroke patients over the 12-month post-stroke period, reaching statistical significance at 12 months post-stroke. Isolated CD34+KDR+ cells from stroke patients showed impairment in tubular formation capability when compared to cells from healthy donors. The quantity and vasculogenic function of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood have been effectively evaluated in stroke patients and healthy control donors in this study. Age and stroke are found to be 2 influencing factors on the angiogenic capacity. It is suggested that the increase in EPC number is triggered by the recovery response following ischemic stroke. Keywords Endothelial progenitor cells . Ischemic stroke . Matrigel assay . Tubular formation . Flow cytometry . Vasculogenic function
Introduction Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the vascular diseases that are being studied with strong interest. IS, also termed as cerebral
infarction, is defined as local blood supply obstruction leading to cerebral anoxia, ischemic necrosis and subsequent apoptotic cell death accompanied by the loss of neurological functions [1]. Most IS are triggered by atherosclerosis, which is
Marek Kukumberg and Aung Moe Zaw contributed equally to this work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-02010064-z. * Evelyn K. F. Yim [email protected]
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Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ride Road, Singapore 119228, Singa
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