Electromagnetic Technology to Utilize Zinc-Containing Slags of Copper-Smelting Production and Dusts of Blast Furnace and
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ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY TO UTILIZE ZINC-CONTAINING SLAGS OF COPPER-SMELTING PRODUCTION AND DUSTS OF BLAST FURNACE AND STEELMAKING PRODUCTION S. N. Tyushnyakov1 and E. N. Selivanov2
UDC 669.531:669.054.82/.83
In this work, a technological scheme for the coprocessing of dissimilar zinc-containing wastes, namely, slags obtained from the autogenous smelting of copper-zinc concentrates and dusts (sludges) from gas purification during blast furnace and steelmaking production, was developed. The proposed technology was confirmed to achieve the efficient utilization of metallurgical wastes and produce the desired products (e.g., zinc sublimates, copper cast iron, and impoverished slag) for use as building materials through thermodynamic modeling, microstructural studies, and recovery process modeling. The extraction rates of copper into the alloy and zinc into sublimates by the proposed technology reached 90% and 95%, respectively. The significance of the oxide–sulfide melt as an ion-exchange medium providing high mass transfer rates and the necessary indicators for metal extraction was revealed in this study. Keywords: slag; dust; sludge; zinc; copper; utilization; direct current furnace; sublimates; reduction; ion-exchange medium.
The utilization of slags obtained from the processing of copper-zinc sulfide ores of the Urals has a long history [1]. For over 80 years, slags of reverberatory, blast, and autogenous (Vanukov furnace, smelting vessel “Pobeda”) smelting were stored in piles. Tens of millions of tons of slags containing 0.4–1.0% Cu and 2–6% Zn were accumulated over the same period. The transition to autogenous technologies to process copper-zinc concentrates has led to an increase in the zinc content in slag of up to 4%–6%. Besides oxides of FeO x , SiO 2 , and CaO, slags contain Al 2O 3 , MgO, Cr2O 3 , S, Sb, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, and other elements that may affect the hazard category of the resulting product. Several aspects of steelmaking generate large amounts of zinc-containing wastes with hazard classes of III and IV. Ferrous metallurgy accumulates massive amounts of dust and gas purification sludge through sintering, blast furnace, and electric steelmaking production, and the zinc content of these dusts may be as high as 20%. A previous assessment analysis [2] indicated that the total value of useful components in man-made sources is comparable with the potential resources of mineral ore. Man-made zinc-containing wastes accumulated and generated from ore-dressing and steelmaking plants can be considered an alternative source of raw materials for zinc production, especially consisted Russia’s limited mineral resources. Processing of slags obtained from the autogenous smelting of copper concentrates via the flotation method is widely conducted in foreign and domestic plants [3, 4]. Approximately 85% of the copper and 15–30% of the zinc contained in slag may be obtained through slow cooling. However, the applications of this technique are limited because most of the crushed slag is delivered to storage in the
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